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Principles, Materials, and Fabrication Methods of Microfluidics

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Microfluidics for Assisted Reproduction in Animals

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Abstract

Microfluidics is an emerging field of research for the manipulation of fluids in microstructures with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Microfluidics is characterized by the interplay between physics, material sciences, and engineering. The fluid flow in microscale differs from the macroscale, and it can be discussed with fundamental principles such as laminar flow, diffusion, surface tension, and electrokinetic forces. Material selection plays a critical role in the design and fabrication of microfluidic devices. Rigidity, softness, compatibility to solvents and chemicals, permeability to oxygen, and optical transparency are some of the parameters of the materials need to be considered for the fabrication of the devices. Micromachining, lithography, 3D printing, and nanofabrication are being employed for the fabrication of microfluidic devices. Droplet-based and digital microfluidics revolutionized the field of microfluidics specifically in DNA, protein, and enzyme-based assays. In this chapter, we summarized the principles of fluid flow and highlighted the characteristics of the materials which are being used for the fabrication of microfluidic devices. This chapter also presents the fabrication methods of microfluidic devices with recent developments.

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Abbreviations

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

GPa:

Gigapascals

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

Pe :

The Peclet number

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Re :

Reynolds number

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

Sh :

Sherwood numbers

UV:

Ultraviolet

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  1. Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Vinod Kumar Yata

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Yata, V.K. (2021). Principles, Materials, and Fabrication Methods of Microfluidics. In: Microfluidics for Assisted Reproduction in Animals. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4876-9_2

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