Skip to main content

Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fixed Bed Hybrid Bioreactor

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

  • 223 Accesses

Abstract

Due to the rapid increase in population growth, urbanization, industrialization and more luxurious lifestyles, huge amount of pollutants are produced day by day and discarded into the water system. Billions of gallons of wastewater are produced every day from domestic and industrial sources.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sen D, Randall CW (1994)/1990 Performance of fixed film media integrated in the activated sludge reactors to enhance nitrogen removal. Water Sci Technol 30:13–24

    Google Scholar 

  2. Eckenfelder WW Jr (2000) Industrial water pollution control, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, Inc., Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  3. Campbell H, Schnell A (2003) Upgrading activated sludge systems using free floating plastic media[online]. Available from www.hydroxyl.com/papers/waterdown/UpgradeAS.pdf

  4. Rutt K, Seda J, Johnson CH (2006) Two years case study of integrated fixed film activated sludge at Broomfield Co WWTP. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, sesson 10, pp 225–239

    Google Scholar 

  5. Morper MR (1994) Upgrading of activated sludge system for nitrogen removal by application of the Linpor-CN process. Water Sci Technol 29:167–176

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gilligan TP, Morper M (1999) A unique process for upgrading conventional activated sludge systems for nitrogen removal (online). Paper presented at NE WEA, October 1999, available from

    Google Scholar 

  7. Harvey PJ, Siviter CL (1999) Use of the suspended carrier process to upgrade wastewater treatment facilities [online]. Available from https://www.purac.net/downloads/articles/1999%20NZWWA%20Conference%20Paper%Kaldnes_pdf. Accessed on 10 Aug 2003

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ødegaard H, Rusten B, Westrum T 1994 A new moving bed biofilm reactor applications and results. Water Sci Technol 29:157–165

    Google Scholar 

  9. Rantanen P, Valve M (2003) A hybrid process for biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal-pilot plant experiments [online]. Available from www.vyh.fi/eng/syke/ppd/ws/biorev.htm

  10. Dalentoft E, Thulin P 1997 The use of the Kaldnes suspended carrier process in treatment of wastewaters from the forest industry. Water Sci Technol 35:123–130 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(96)00923-7

  11. Lee C-Y (1992) Model for biological reactors having suspended and attached growths. J. Environ Eng 118(6):982–987

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sriwiriyarat T (1999) Computer programme development for the design of IFAS waste water treatment processes, M.S.Thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburgs, VA 24061, pp 1540–1549

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gebara F (1998) Activated sludge biofilm waste water treatment system, Water Res 33(1):230–238

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fadel M, Ibrahim A, Ayoub G (2002) Aerobic hybrid growth process modeling: a parametric sensitivity analysis. In: Proceedings of international symposium on environmental pollution control and waste management, pp 333–348

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fouad M, Bhargava R (2005) A simplified model for the steady-state biofilm – activated sludge reactor. J Environ Manage 74:245-253

    Google Scholar 

  16. Henze M, Gujer W, Mino T, van Loosdrecht M, Marais, GVR Wentzel MC, Matsuo T (1999) Activated sludge model No. 2D, ASM 2D. Water Sci Technol 39(1):165–182

    Google Scholar 

  17. Boltz JP, Johnson BR, Daigger GT, Sandino J (2009) Modeling integrated fixed-film activated sludge and moving- bed biofilm reactor systems I: mathematical treatment and model development. Water Environ Res 81(6):555–575

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wanner O, Morgenroth E (2006) Biofilm modeling with AQUASIM. Water Sci Technol 49(1):137-144, IWA Publishing

    Google Scholar 

  19. Li C, Ji M, Li X, Wang M (2011) Municipal wastewater treatment in a new type biocarrier reactor. Procedia Environ Sci 10:962–967

    Google Scholar 

  20. Golla PS, Reddy MP, Simms MK, Laken TJ (1994) Three years of full scale captor process operation at Moundsville WWTP. Water Sci Technol 29:175181

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wanner J, Kucman K, Grau P (1988) Activated sludge process combined with biofilm cultivation. Water Res 22:207–215

    Google Scholar 

  22. Daniel D, Christensso M, Odegaard H (2011) Hybrid/activated sludge/biofilm process for the treatment of municipal waste water. Water Sci Technol 63(6):1121-1129. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.350

  23. Sriwiriyarat T et al (2005) Computer program development for the design of integrated fixed film activated sludge wastewater treatment processes. J Environ Eng 131(11):1540–1549

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Fair AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with Folin Phenol Reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Herbert D, Philips PJ Strange JE (1971) Chemical analysis of microbial cell of the book. Meth Microbio Vol.V, Part B, Chapter-3, pp 209–344

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sushovan Sarkar .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sarkar, S., Mazumder, D. (2021). Introduction. In: Fixed Bed Hybrid Bioreactor. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4546-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4546-1_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-33-4545-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-33-4546-1

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics