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Ecological Intensification of Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture pp 381–427Cite as

Pollination and Ecological Intensification: A Way Towards Green Revolution

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Abstract

Coping with the negative influence of indigenous agricultural technologies, sustainable intensification has emerged to replace the term ‘green revolution’ and is widely used in agricultural sector. Sustainable ecological intensification, minimizing the agricultural inputs by maximizing ecosystem services is desperately required to feed the increasingly demanding human population. Enhanced yields of food with increased nutrition from the same land surface by supporting biodiversity and ecosystem service refers to ecological intensification. Inventions in agricultural sector are heading towards green revolution, whereby agricultural production is drastically increased with minimal inputs to feed the ever-increasing world population. To attain sustainability it is essential to enhance the pollinator services. Pollination is needed for plants to reproduce and set seeds, which is traditionally aided by honey bees or other insects as pollinators for centuries. Pollinators are vital in determining the fertility of plant and are keystone process in any ecosystems. Pollinators are responsible for the food crop production meeting human diet, but their population is constantly deteriorating. They not only contribute to our food supply, but are the crucial fragment of biodiversity that all forms of life rest on. Technology has aided in agricultural crop production by inventing different techniques and equipment’s to support food production. Traditional ecological structure is modified leading to several ill effects that drastically affect the pollination and bee population. Since bee pollination is an important aid for any crop production, the tragic decline in bee population has forced to artificially pollinate the crops which are labour intensive and economically not feasible. There is a wide expansion in cultivation of insect-pollinated crops lately, which leads to huge increase in demand of 300% for pollination services. As per various scientific reports, the economics of pollination services is about more than 200 billion dollar or approximately 10% of world’s food production. Pollinator-dependent crops have widened their range, increasing demand for pollination services up to 300% worldwide. The quality and quantity of crop production deter due to extinction of bees. Research should focus on encouraging bee keeping for sustained global growth of food production. Reducing the usage of chemical pesticides and leaning of plant-based botanicals for crop protection in an organic manner of crop production and planting more bright coloured flowers in the vicinity will add for bees to thrive.

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Abbreviations

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

NAS:

National Academy of Sciences

NRC:

National Research Council

IPCC:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPBES:

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    I. Merlin Kamala

  2. Department of Agricultural Extension, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India

    I. Isaac Devanand

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  1. Department of Farm Forestry, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Manoj Kumar Jhariya

  2. Department of Agronomy, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Arnab Banerjee

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Kamala, I.M., Devanand, I.I. (2021). Pollination and Ecological Intensification: A Way Towards Green Revolution. In: Jhariya, M.K., Meena, R.S., Banerjee, A. (eds) Ecological Intensification of Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4203-3_11

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