Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Urban Heat Island Monitoring with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Data

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Urban Heat Island (UHI) Mitigation

Part of the book series: Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements ((ACHS))

  • 1126 Accesses

Abstract

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect occurs when the temperature in an urban area is higher than the temperature in a rural area. UHIs are generally monitored using remote sensing techniques such as satellite imagery or using temperature sensors deployed in a metropolitan area. In this chapter, a newly proposed methodology to monitor the UHI intensity from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data is described. As the GNSS signal travels from the satellite to the receiver it propagates through the troposphere the travelling signal is delayed by the troposphere. The tropospheric delay is proportional to environmental variables. The tropospheric delay in zenith direction (ZTD) is estimated as part of the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. Therefore, this chapter shows how to process GNSS data to obtain ZTD and how to obtain temperature at an urban and a rural site simultaneously from the ZTD. The advantages of using GNSS data is its availability and many GNSS networks have been deployed in different cities so no need to deploy sensor networks. Furthermore, GNSS signal is less affected by bad weather conditions than satellite imagery.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hofmann-Wellenhof B, Lichtenegger H, Wasle E (2008) GNSS-global navigation satellite systems GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and more. Springer, Vienna, Austria

    Google Scholar 

  2. National Coordination Office for Spaced-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing (2020, May 19) GPS the global positioning system. Available: https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/space/

  3. EGSA (2020, May 19) Galileo programme. Available: https://www.gsa.europa.eu/galileo/programme

  4. BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (2020, May 19) BeiDou navigation satellite system. Available: https://en.beidou.gov.cn/

  5. Speight JG (2017) Environmental organic chemistry for engineers. Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  6. Liang J (2013) Chemical modeling for air resources fundamentals, applications and corroborative analysis. Academic Press, Cambridge, p 298

    Google Scholar 

  7. Seeber G (2008) Satellite geodesy foundations, methods and applications, 2nd edn. de Gruyter, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  8. International Organization for Standarization (1975) International standard atmosphere, 2533

    Google Scholar 

  9. Essen L, Froome KD (1951) Dielectric constant and refractive index of air and its principal constituents at 24,000 Mc./s. Nature 167:512–513

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Thayer G (1974) An improved equation for the radio refractive index of air. Radio Sci 9:211–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Smith E, Weintraub S (1953) The constants in the equation of atmospheric refractive index at radio frequencies. Proc Inst Radio Eng 41(8):1035–1037

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bevis M, Businger S, Chiswell S (1994) GPS meteorology: mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water. J Appl Meteorol 33:379–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Mendez Astudillo J (2020) Investigation into UHI monitoring with GNSS sensor network. Ph.D., School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China

    Google Scholar 

  14. Davis J, Herring T, Shapiro I, Rogers A, Elgered G (1985) Geodesy by radio interferometry: effects of atmospheric modeling errors on estimates of baseline length. Radio Sci 20:1593–1607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hoffmann P, Krueger O, Schlünzen KH (2012) A statistical model for the urban heat island and its application to a climate change scenario. Int J Climatol 32(8):1238–1248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. McCarthy D, Pétit G (2004) IERS conventions (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wilgan K, Hurter F, Geiger A, Rohm W, Bosy J (2016) Tropospheric refractivity and zenith path delays from least-square collocation of meteorological and GNSS data. J Geodesy 91(2):1–18

    Google Scholar 

  18. Vedel H, Mogensen KS, Huang X-Y (2001) Calculation of zenith delays from meteorological data comparison of NWP model, radiosonde and GPS delays. Phys Chem Earth (A) 26(6–8):497–502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Heroux P, Kouba J (2001) GPS precise point positioning using IGS orbit products. Phys Chem Earth (A) 26(6–8):573–578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tolman BW (2008) GPS precise absolute positioning via Kalman filtering. In: ION GNSS 21st international technical meeting of the satellite division, Savannah, GA

    Google Scholar 

  21. Moritz H (1972) Advanced least-squares methods. In: Reports of the Department of Geodetic Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Available: https://earthsciences.osu.edu/sites/earthsciences.osu.edu/files/report-175.pdf

  22. Mendez Astudillo J, Lau L, Tang YT, Moore T (2018) Analysing the Zenith tropospheric delay estimates in on-line precise point positioning (PPP) services and PPP software packages. Sensors (Basel) 18(2)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Roth M (2013) Urban heat island. In: Fernando HJS (ed) Handbook of environmental fluid dynamics, vol II. Taylor & Francis Group, UK, pp 143–159

    Google Scholar 

  24. Memon RA, Leung DYC, Liu C-H (2009) An investigation of urban heat island intensity (UHII) as an indicator of urban heating. Atmos Res 94(3):491–500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Stewart ID, Oke TR (2012) Local climate zones for urban temperature studies. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 93:1879–1900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Stewart ID, Oke TR, Krayenhoff ES (2014) Evaluation of the ‘local climate zone’ scheme using temperature obervations and model simulations. Int J Climatol 34:1062–1080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. WMO (1957) Lapse rate tropopause

    Google Scholar 

  28. Mendez Astudillo J, Lau L, Tang YT, Moore T (2020) A novel approach for the determination of the height of the tropopause from ground-based GNSS obsevartions. Remote Sens 12(293)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Younes SA-M (2016) Modeling investigation of wet tropospheric delay error and precipitable water vapor content in Egypt. Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci 19:333–342

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Doctoral Innovation Center, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China

    Jorge Mendez-Astudillo

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China

    Lawrence Lau

  3. Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Lawrence Lau

  4. Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China

    Isaac Yu Fat Lun

  5. School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China

    Yu-Ting Tang

  6. The Nottingham Geospatial Institute, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Terry Moore

Authors
  1. Jorge Mendez-Astudillo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lawrence Lau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Isaac Yu Fat Lun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yu-Ting Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Terry Moore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lawrence Lau .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University—Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines

    Napoleon Enteria

  2. Faculty of Built Environment, University New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Matteos Santamouris

  3. Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Ursula Eicker

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Mendez-Astudillo, J., Lau, L., Lun, I.Y.F., Tang, YT., Moore, T. (2021). Urban Heat Island Monitoring with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Data. In: Enteria, N., Santamouris, M., Eicker, U. (eds) Urban Heat Island (UHI) Mitigation. Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4050-3_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation