Abstract
Facial expression is regarded as one of the most powerful means for humans to convey their feelings, attitudes, or opinions to each other. It has been revealed from the psychological studies that during conversations between humans, over 50% of information is conveyed through facial expressions [39]. Automatic facial expression recognition (FER), which uses machines to recognize human facial expressions, has been an active area of research due to its several notable applications. Examples include lie detection, intelligent interaction in social media, emotional therapy for autistic patient, e-commerce, and multimodal human–computer interface [52].
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Rahman, S.M.M., Howlader, T., Hatzinakos, D. (2019). Expression Recognition. In: Orthogonal Image Moments for Human-Centric Visual Pattern Recognition. Cognitive Intelligence and Robotics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9945-0_4
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