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Biological and Clinical Markers to Differentiate the Type of Anxiety Disorders

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Anxiety Disorders

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1191))

Abstract

The present chapter is an overview of possible biomarkers which distinguish anxiety disorders as classified by the DSM-5. Structural or activity changes in the brain regions; changes in N-acetylaspartate/creatine, dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin; hearth rate variability; hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity; error-related negativity; respiratory regulation; and genetic variants are proposed. However, their clinical utility is questionable due to low specificity and sensitivity: the majority does not distinguish subjects with different anxiety disorders, and they might be influenced by stress, comorbidity, physical activity, and psychotropic medications. In this framework, the staging model, a clinimetric tool which allows to define the degree of progression of a disease at a point in time and where the patient is located on the continuum of the course of the disease, is proposed since several DSM anxiety disorders take place at different stages of the same syndrome according to the staging model. Thus, a stage-specific biomarker model for anxiety disorders is hypothesized and illustrated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Fiammetta Cosci & Giovanni Mansueto

  2. Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Fiammetta Cosci & Giovanni Mansueto

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  1. Fiammetta Cosci
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  2. Giovanni Mansueto
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Correspondence to Fiammetta Cosci .

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  1. College of Medicine, Korea University, Gyeonggido, Korea (Republic of)

    Yong-Ku Kim

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Cosci, F., Mansueto, G. (2020). Biological and Clinical Markers to Differentiate the Type of Anxiety Disorders. In: Kim, YK. (eds) Anxiety Disorders. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1191. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_13

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