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Orchid Biology: Recent Trends & Challenges pp 239–280Cite as

Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Abstract

All orchids are mycoheterotrophic during seed germination and early stages of seedling development. Nevertheless, this dependency on the mycobiont extended into adulthood in many green photosynthetic orchids and is termed as mixotrophy. The fungal hyphae colonize orchids early during seed germination and protocorm development and form highly coiled structures called pelotons. Conventional studies mostly focused on orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) that are saprophytic, but later the role of both ectomycorrhizal and parasitic fungi in orchid mycorrhizal symbiosis were recognized. Although there is enough evidence to believe that OMF is not host-specific, there are also indications which suggest the possible existence of physiological compatibility in orchid-fungal interaction. Current advances in molecular techniques have enabled us to untangle the diversity of fungi involved in the symbiosis and have helped to overcome the bottlenecks associated with the traditional identification of the fungal taxa using morphological characters. OMF symbiosis is shown to assure orchid survival in habitats vulnerable to stressful conditions or habitats with resource limitations. Further, the OMF has been shown to play a key role in the rehabilitation of threatened orchid species in their natural habitats. In spite of this, there is a large gap in our understanding of the fungal diversity associated with the tropical epiphytic and lithophytic orchid taxa.

Keywords

  • Orchidaceae
  • Peloton
  • Nutrient uptake
  • Growth promotion
  • Specificity
  • Seedling recruitment

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kullaiyan Sathiyadash, Velusamy Karthikeyan & Kuppu Rajendran

  2. Root and Soil Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Thangavelu Muthukumar

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  1. Kullaiyan Sathiyadash
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  2. Thangavelu Muthukumar
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  3. Velusamy Karthikeyan
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  4. Kuppu Rajendran
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Prof. Shaik Mahammad Khasim

  2. Former Director, Orchid Research and Development Center, State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India

    Dr. Sadanand Nagesh Hegde

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Cryobiology, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico

    Dr. María Teresa González-Arnao

  4. Department of Plant Science Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Assoc. Prof. Kanchit Thammasiri

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Sathiyadash, K., Muthukumar, T., Karthikeyan, V., Rajendran, K. (2020). Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity. In: Khasim, S., Hegde, S., González-Arnao, M., Thammasiri, K. (eds) Orchid Biology: Recent Trends & Challenges . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9456-1_13

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