Abstract
Hypertensive kidney disease is defined as the damage to the kidney resulted from chronic high blood pressure (BP), which is pathologically classified as benign and malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis. Given the increasing morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertensive kidney disease, therapeutic strategies for controlling BP and maximal reducing albuminuria are needed for delaying the progression of hypertensive nephropathy to end-stage renal disease. Most individuals with hypertensive kidney disease require combined use of three or more antihypertensive medications. Weight loss, exercise, and restriction on salt and alcohol intake may aid in BP control. The early recognition and adoption of potent approach to evaluate and manage patients with resistant hypertension may be effective strategies to achieve the BP targets. The malignant hypertension is life-threatening and requires immediate BP reduction for preventing irreversible target organ damage.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Botdorf J, Chaudhary K, Whaley-Connell A. Hypertension in cardiovascular and kidney disease. Cardiorenal Med. 2011;1:183–92.
Segura J, Ruilope L. Hypertension in moderate-to-severe nondiabetic CKD patients. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2011;18:23–7.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507–20.
Kopp JB. Rethinking hypertensive kidney disease: arterionephrosclerosis as a genetic, metabolic, and inflammatory disorder. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2013;22(3):266–72.
Freedman BI, Cohen AH. Hypertension-attributed nephropathy: what's in a name? Nat Rev Nephrol. 2016;12(1):27–36.
Stamler J, Neaton JD. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)—importance then and now. JAMA. 2008;300(11):1343–5.
Luft FC. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis-a cause of end-stage renal disease? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15(10):1515–7.
Hart PD, Bakris GL. Hypertensive nephropathy: prevention and treatment recommendations. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010;11(16):2675–86.
Jamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, et al. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(23):2417–28.
Shlipak MG, Matsushita K, Ärnlöv J, et al. Cystatin C versus creatinine in determining risk based on kidney function. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(10):932–43.
Shlipak MG, Ix JH, Bibbins-Domingo K, et al. Biomarkers to predict recurrent cardiovascular disease: the Heart and Soul Study. Am J Med. 2008;121(1):50–7.
Seccia TM, Caroccia B, Calò LA. Hypertensive nephropathy. Moving from classic to emerging pathogenetic mechanisms. J Hypertens. 2017;35(2):205–12.
Parati G, Stergiou G, O'Brien E, et al. European Society of Hypertension practice guidelines for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Hypertens. 2014;32(7):1359–66.
Kidney Disease. Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD work group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3(1):1–150.
Bloch MJ. The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet-promise unmet. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2017;11(6):323–4.
Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association professional education Committee of the Council for high blood pressure research. Circulation. 2008;117(25):e510–26.
Braam B, Taler SJ, Rahman M, et al. Recognition and management of resistant hypertension. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12(3):524–35.
Kitiyakara C, Guzman NJ. Malignant hypertension and hypertensive emergencies. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9(1):133–42.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ji, X. (2020). Hypertensive Kidney Disease. In: Yang, J., He, W. (eds) Chronic Kidney Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9131-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9131-7_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-32-9130-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-32-9131-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)