Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Research Design and Methodologies

  • Chapter
Teaching Science in Out-of-School Settings

  • 656 Accesses

Abstract

This study was set out to investigate two aspects of BGEs’ talk during the guided school visits: the functions of their talk and how their talk mediates students’ learning of science. To address these matters, this study followed a qualitative approach, which facilitates the enquiry into the phenomena taking place in the natural setting (Bodgan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods (5th ed.). London: Pearson Education; Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). London: SAGE) (Bodgan & Biklen, 2007; Creswell, 2008).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adler, P. A., & Adler, P. (1994). Observational techniques. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 377–392). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays (V. W. McGee, Trans.). Austin: University of Texas Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Barron, B. (2000). Problem solving in video-based microworlds: Collaborative and individual outcomes of high achieving sixth-grade students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 391–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barron, B. (2007). Video as a tool to advance understanding of learning and development in peer, family, and other informal learning contexts. In R. Goldman, R. Pea, B. Barron, & S. J. Derry (Eds.), Video research in the learning sciences (pp. 159–188). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodgan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods (5th ed.). London: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borun, M., Chambers, M., & Cleghorn, A. (1996). Families are learning in science museums. Curator: The Museum Journal, 39(2), 123–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cazden, C. B. (2001). Classroom discourse: The language of teaching and learning (2nd ed.). Portsmouth: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chin, C., & Osborne, J. (2008). Students’ questions: A potential resource for teaching and learning science. Studies in Science Education, 44(1), 1–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chin, C., Brown, D. E., & Bruce, B. C. (2002). Student-generated questions: A meaningful aspect of learning in science. International Journal of Science Education, 24(5), 521–549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, M. Y. (2007). Watershed environmental education in South Korea: Understanding learning within communities of practice using social, cognitive and participational theory (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). King’s College London, London, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education (5th ed.). London\New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Corbin, J., & Strass, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denscombe, M. (2003). The good research guide for small scale social research projects (2nd ed.). Maidenhead, England: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derry, S. J. (2007). Video research in classroom and teacher learning. In R. Goldman, R. Pea, B. Barron, & S. J. Derry (Eds.), Video research in the learning sciences (pp. 305–320). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeWitt, J., & Hohenstein, J. (2010). School trips and classroom lessons: An investigation into teacher-student talk in two settings. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 47(4), 454–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, D., & Mercer, N. (1987). Common knowledge: The development of understanding in the classroom. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L., & Allen, S. D. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. Newbury Park: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fienberg, J., & Leinhardt, G. (2002). Looking through the glass: Reflection of identity in conversations at a history museum. In G. Leinhardt, K. Crowley, & K. Knutson (Eds.), Learning conversations in museums (pp. 167–211). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Firestone, W. A. (1993). Alternative arguments for generalizing from data as applied to qualitative research. Educational Researcher, 22(4), 16–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilhooly, K. J., & Logie, R. H. (1980). Age of acquisition, imagery, concreteness, familiarity and ambiguity measures for 1,944 words. Behaviour Research Methods and Instrumentation, 12, 395–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillham, B. (2000). Case study research methods. London: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in sociological field observations. Social Forces, 36(3), 217–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, R. (2007). Video representations and the perspective framework. In R. Goldman, R. Pea, B. Barron, & S. J. Derry (Eds.), Video research in the learning sciences (pp. 3–38). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, R., Pea, R., Barron, B., & Derry, S. J. (Eds.). (2007). Video research in the learning sciences. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gwet, K. (2001). Handbook of inter-rater reliability. Gaithersburg: STATAXIS Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, R. (2007). Strategies for video recording: Fast, cheap, and (mostly) in control. In S. J. Derry (Ed.), Guidelines for video research in education (pp. 4–14). Chicago: NORC at the University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardman, F. (2008). Opening-up classroom discourse: The importance of teacher feedback. In N. Mercer & S. Hodgkinson (Eds.), Exploring talk in school (pp. 131–150). London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, J., Garnier, H., Gallimore, R., Hollingsworth, H., Givvin, K., Rust, K., et al. (2003). Third International Mathematics and Science Study 1999 video study technical report (Vol. 1). Washington, DC: National Centre for Education Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, J., Kawanaka, T., & Stigler, J. W. (1999). Integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches to the analysis of video data on classroom teaching. International Journal of Educational Research, 31(8), 717–724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, H. (2009). Supporting natural history enquiry in an informal setting: A study of museum explainer practice (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). King’s College London, London, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeCompte, M. D., & Schensul, J. J. (1999). Designing and conducting ethnographic research. Lanham: AltaMira Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemke, J. L. (1990). Talking science: Language, learning and values. Norwood: Ablex Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lobato, J., Clarke, D., & Ellis, A. B. (2005). Initiating and eliciting in teaching: A reformulation of learning. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 36(2), 101–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2006). Designing qualitative research (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehan, H. (1979). Learning lessons: Social organisation in the classroom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nystrand, M., Wu, L. L., Gamoran, A., Zeiser, S., & Long, D. A. (2003). Questions in time investigating the structure and dynamics of unfolding classroom discourse. Discourse Processes, 35(2), 135–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, M. C., & Michaels, S. (1996). Shifting participant frameworks: Orchestrating thinking practices in group discussion. In D. Hicks (Ed.), Discourse, learning and schools (pp. 63–103). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohlsson, S. (1996). Learning to do and learning to understand: A lesson and a challenge for cognitive modelling. In P. Reiman & H. Spada (Eds.), Learning in humans and machines: Towards an interdisciplinary learning science (pp. 37–62). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, J. (2005). The challenge of materials gallery: A discourse based cognitive analysis. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching (NARST), Dallas, Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, J., & Dillon, J. (2007). Research on learning in informal contexts: Advancing the field? International Journal of Science Education, 29(12), 1441–1445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, J., Erduran, S., & Simmon, S. (2004). Enhancing the quality of argumentation in school science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41(10), 994–1020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedrosa de Jesus, H., Teixeira-Dias, J., & Watts, M. (2003). Questions of chemistry. International Journal of Science Education, 25(8), 1015–1034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Punch, K. F. (2005). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1992). Text-based and knowledge-based questioning by children. Cognition and Instruction, 9(3), 177–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, P. H. (1998). Teacher talk and meaning making in science classrooms: A Vygotskian analysis and review. Studies in Science Education, 32(1), 45–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, P. H., Mortimer, E. F., & Aguiar, O. G. (2006). The tension between authoritative and dialogic discourse: A fundamental characteristic of meaning making interactions in high school science lessons. Science Education, 90(4), 605–631.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrum, W., Duque, R., & Brown, T. (2005). Digital video as research practice: Methodology for the millennium. Journal of Research Practice, 1(1), 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, J. M., & Coulthard, M. (1975). Towards an analysis of discourse. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stadthagen-Gonzalez, H., & Davis, C. J. (2006). The Bristol Norms for age of acquisition, imageability, and familiarity. Bristol: University of Bristol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stake, R. E. (1994). Case study. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 236–247). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stigler, J. W., Gonzales, P. A., Kawanka, T., Knoll, S., & Serrano, A. (1999). The TIMSS videotape classroom study: Methods and findings from an exploratory research project on eighth-grade mathematics instruction in Germany, Japan, and the United States. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran, L. U. (2006). Teaching science in museums: The pedagogy and goals of museum educators. Science Education, 91(2), 278–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tunnicliffe, S. D., Lucas, A. M., & Osborne, J. (1997). School visits to zoos and museums: A missed educational opportunity? International Journal of Science Education, 19(9), 1039–1056.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watts, M., Gould, G., & Alsop, S. (1997). Questions of understanding: Categorising pupils’ questions in science. School Science Review, 79(286), 57–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellington, J. (2000). Educational research: Contemporary issues and practical approaches. London: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, G., & Arauz, R. M. (2006). Dialogue in the classroom. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 15(3), 379–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.). London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Junqing Zhai

Authors
  1. Junqing Zhai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zhai, J. (2015). Research Design and Methodologies. In: Teaching Science in Out-of-School Settings. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-591-4_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation