Abstract
A study was conducted to determine if balancing diets on available amino acid would result in equal performance with a reduction in total protein level. A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the methionine and supplementations to reduce dietary protein in rainbow trout feeds (initial weight of 101.51 ± 4.12 g, mean ± SD) reared in indoor flow-through and aerated tanks. Three amino acid test diets (Treatment 1, 40 % CP; Treatment 2, 30 % CP and 1 % methionine; Treatment 3, 30 % CP and 2 % methionine) were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to two tanks. The red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma protein, albumin, and triacylglycerol content were not significantly affected by dietary methionine levels (P > 0.05). However, white blood cells count, plasma cholesterol, and glucose concentration showed significant differences among these treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary crude protein content of diets for rainbow trout can be reduced from 40 to 30 % by supplementing methionine with no negative effect on hematological and biochemical parameters.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alam, M. S., Teshima, S., Ishikawa, M., Koshio, S., & Yaniharto, D. (2001). Methionine requirement of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus estimated by the oxidation of radioactive methionine. Aquaculture Nutrition, 7, 201–209.
Ali, A. S. (2006). Immune response of broiler chicks to DL-Methionine supplementation at different ages. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(2), 169–172.
Bhagavan, N. V. (1992). Medical biochemistry. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. 980 pp.
Chaiyapoom, B., Takawan, S., & Ratchadaporn, C. (2006). Effect of adding methionine Hydroxy analogue as Methionine source at the commercial requirement recommendation on production performance and evidence of Ascites syndrome of male broiler chicks fed corn-soybean based. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(8), 744–752.
Cowey, C. B. (1992). Nutrition: Estimating requirements of rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 100, 177–189.
Cowey, C. B., Cho, C. Y., Sivak, J. G., Weerheim, J. A., & Stuart, D. D. (1992). Methionine intake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), relationship to cataract formation and the metabolism of methionine. The Journal of Nutrition, 122, 1154–1163.
Fasuyl, A. O., & Aletor, V. A. (2005). Protein replacement value of cassava, (Manihotesculenta, Crantz) Leaf protein concentrate in broiler starter: Effect on performance, muscle growth, hematology and serum metabolites. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4, 339–349.
Forster, I., & Ogata, H. Y. (1998). Lysine requirement of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major. Aquaculture, 161, 131–142.
Goff, J. B., & Gatlin, D. M. (2004). Evaluation of different sulfur amino acid compounds in the diet of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, and sparing value of cystine for methionine. Aquaculture, 241, 465–477.
Harris, L. E. (1980). Feedstuffs. In T. V. R. Pillay (Ed.), Fish feed technology (pp. 111–168). Rome: UNDP/FAO.
Helland, S. J., Hatlen, B., & Grisdale-Helland, B. (2006). Changes in the utilization of energy and amino acids caused by feed intake level-implications for amino acid requirement studies (p. 75). In Proceedings of the XIIth international symposium on fish nutrition and feeding, Biarritz, France.
Kikuchi, K., Furuta, T., & Honda, H. (1994). Utilization of soybean meal as a protein source in the diet of juvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Suisanzoshoku, 42, 601–604.
Lovell, R. T. (1989). Nutrition and feeding of fish. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 268 pp.
Lovell, R. T. (2002). Diet and fish husbandry. In J. E. Halver & R. W. Hardy (Eds.), Fish nutrition (pp. 703–754). New York: Academic.
Luo, Z., Liu, Y., Mai, K., Tian, L., Yang, H., Tan, X., & Liu, D. (2005). Dietary L-methionine requirement of juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides at a constant dietary cystine level. Aquaculture, 249, 409–418.
Mai, K. S., Wan, J. L., Ai, Q. H., Xu, W., Liufu, Z. G., Zhang, L., Zhang, C. X., & Li, H. T. (2006). Dietary methionine requirement of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea R. Aquaculture, 253, 564–572.
Moon, H. Y., & Gatlin, D. M., III. (1991). Total sulfur amino acid requirement of juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Aquaculture, 95, 97–106.
Mukhopadhyay, N., & Ray, A. K. (2001). Effects of amino acid supplementation on the nutritive quality of fermented linseed meal protein in the diets of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 17, 220–226.
Opstvedt, J., Aksnes, A., Hope, B., & Pike, I. H. (2003). Efficiency of feed utilization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with increasing substitution of fish meal with vegetable proteins. Aquaculture, 221, 365–379.
Ruchimat, T., Masumoto, T., Hosokawa, H., & Shimeno, S. (1997). Quantitative methionine requirement of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). Aquaculture, 150, 113–122.
Rumsey, G. L., Page, J. W., & Scott, M. L. (1983). Methionine and cystine requirements of rainbow trout. Progressive Fish-Culturist, 45, 139–143.
Small, B. C., & Soares, J. H., Jr. (2000). Quantitative dietary lysine requirement of juvenile striped bass Morone saxatilis. Aquaculture Nutrition, 6, 207–212.
Takagi, S., Shimeno, S., Hosokawa, H., & Ukawa, M. (2001). Effect of lysine and methionine supplementation to a soy protein concentrate diet for red sea bream Pagrus major. Fisheries Science, 67, 1088–1096.
Tantikitti, C., & Chimsung, N. (2001). Dietary lysine requirement of freshwater catfish (Mystus nemurus Cuv. & Val.). Aquaculture Research, 32, 135–141.
Walton, M. J., Cowey, C. B., & Adron, J. W. (1982). Methionine metabolism in rainbow trout fed diets of differing methionine and cystine content. Journal of Nutrition, 112, 1525–1535.
Wilson, R. P. (1985). Amino acid and protein requirements of fish. In C. B. Cowey, A. M. Mackie, & J. G. Bell (Eds.), Nutrition and feeding in fish (pp. 1–15). London: Academic.
Wilson, R. P. (2002). Amino acid and proteins. In J. E. Halver & R. W. Hardy (Eds.), Fish nutrition (3rd ed., pp. 162–164). London: Academic.
Wilson, R. P. (2003). Amino acid requirements of finfish and crustaceans. In J. P. F. D’Mello (Ed.), Amino acids in animal nutrition (pp. 427–447). Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
Wilson, R. P., & Halver, R. P. (1986). Protein and amino acid requirements of fishes. Annual Review of Nutrition, 6, 225–244.
Yan, Q., Xie, S., Zhu, X., Lei, W., & Yang, Y. (2007). Dietary methionine requirement for juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Aquaculture Nutrition, 13, 163–169.
Zhou, Q. C., Wu, Z. H., Tan, B. P., Chi, S. Y., & Yang, Q. H. (2006). Optimal dietary methionine requirement for Juvenile Cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture, 258, 551–557.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for financial support by Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr Branch, Iran.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ghelichi, A., Bai, A.G., Jorjani, S. (2015). Effect of Decreasing Dietary Protein with Optimum Levels of Methionine on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In: Gnanamalar Sarojini Daniel, E. (eds) Biology Education and Research in a Changing Planet. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-524-2_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-524-2_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-287-523-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-287-524-2
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)