Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Control and Management of PV Integrated Charging Facilities for PEVs

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Plug In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids

Part of the book series: Power Systems ((POWSYS))

Abstract

The ongoing research in the field of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and the growing global awareness for a pollution free environment, will lead to an increase in the number of PEVs in the near future. The proliferation of these PEVs will add stress to the already overloaded power grid creating new challenges for the distribution network. To mitigate this issue several researchers have proposed the idea of charging PEVs using renewables coupled with smart charging strategies. This chapter reviews the current literature on the state of the art infrastructure proposed for PEV charging facilities integrated with photovoltaic system. The proposed control algorithms, various smart charging techniques and different power electronic topologies for photovoltaic charging facilities (PCFs) are reviewed. Studies assessing the ability of photovoltaic charging stations to minimize the loading on distribution transformers are assessed. Finally, a simple and unique energy management algorithm for a PV based workplace charging facility based on dc link voltage sensing is presented. The power needed to charge the plug-in electric vehicles comes from grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation or the utility or both. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is validated through simulation and experimental results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 149.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kempton W, Tomic J (2005) Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: from stabilizing the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy. J Power Sources 144(1):280–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. EPRI (2012) Tennessee valley authority smart modal area recharge terminal (SMART) station project. http://www.epri.com/abstracts/Pages/ProductAbstract.aspx?ProductId=000000000001026583. Accessed Nov 2012

  3. Gorton M (2011) Solar-powered electric vehicle charging stations sprout up nationally. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/11/solar-powered-electric-vehicle-charging-stations-sprout-up-nationally. Accessed Nov 2011

  4. Motavalli J (2013) Here now: the world’s first portable, self-contained solar EV charging station. http://www.plugincars.com/here-now-worlds-first-portable-self-contained-solar-ev-charging-station-128015.html. Accessed Aug 2013

  5. Ayre J Solar-integrated EV fast charging station (eco station) gets CODA energy storage system. http://cleantechnica.com/2013/09/02/solar-integrated-ev-fast

  6. Giges NS (2012) Wind-powered charging stations coming soon. https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/renewable-energy/wind-powered-charging-stations-coming-soon. Accessed Oct 2012

  7. Liu K, Makaran J (2009) Design of a solar powered battery charger. In: Electrical power and energy conference (EPEC), 22–23 Oct 2009

    Google Scholar 

  8. Neumann H, Schar D, Baumgartner F (2012) The potential of photovoltaic carports to cover the energy demand of road passenger transport. Prog Photovolt Res Appl 20:639–649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ingersoll JG, Perkins CA (1996) The 2.1 kW photovoltaic electric vehicle charging station in the city of Santa Monica, California. In: The twenty fifth IEEE photovoltaic specialists conference, 13–17 May 1996

    Google Scholar 

  10. Locment F, Sechilariu M, Forgez C (2010) Electric vehicle charging system with PV grid-connected configuration. In: IEEE vehicle power and propulsion conference (VPPC), 1–3 Sept 2010

    Google Scholar 

  11. Letendre S (2009) Solar electricity as a fuel for light vehicles. In: Proceedings of the 2009 American solar energy society annual conference, Boulder, CO

    Google Scholar 

  12. Tulpule PJ, Marano V, Yurkovich S, Rizzoni G (2013) Economic and environmental impacts of a PV powered workplace parking garage charging station. J Appl Energy 108:323–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Birnie III DP (2009) Solar-to-vehicle (S2 V) systems for powering commuters of the future. J Power Sources 186(2):539–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang Q, Tezuka T, Ishihara KN, Mclellan BC (2012) Integration of PV power into future low-carbon smart electricity systems with EV and HP in Kansai Area, Japan. J Renew Energy 44:99–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Denholm P, Kuss M, Margolis RM (2012) Co-benefits of large scale plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and solar PV deployment. J Power Sources 236:350–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. National Houshold Travel Survey (NHTS) (2009). Summary of travel trends-2009. http://nhts.ornl.gov/2009/pub/stt.pdf. Accessed Oct 2009

  17. Rutherford MJ, Yousefzadeh V (2011) The impact of electric vehicle battery charging on distribution transformers. In: Twenty-sixth annual IEEE applied power electronics conference and exposition (APEC), 2011

    Google Scholar 

  18. Green RC, Wang L, Alam M (2011) The impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on distribution networks: a review and outlook. J Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15(1):544–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Shao SN, Pipattanasomporn M, Rahman S (2009) Challenges of PHEV penetration to the residential distribution network. In: IEEE power and energy society general meeting, 26–30 July 2009

    Google Scholar 

  20. Zhao J, Kucuksari S, Mazhari E, Son YJ (2013) Integrated analysis of high-penetration PV and PHEV with energy storage and demand response. J Appl Energy 112:35–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Erol-Kantarci M, Mouftah H (2011) Management of PHEV batteries in the smart grid towards a cyber-physical power infrastructure. In: IEEE workshop on design, modeling and evaluation of cyber physical systems, July 2011

    Google Scholar 

  22. Carli G, Williamson SS (2013) Technical considerations on power conversion for electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery charging in photovoltaic installations. IEEE Trans Power Electron 28(12):5784–5792

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Giannouli M, Yianoulis P (2012) Study on the incorporation of photovoltaic systems as an auxiliary power source for hybrid and electric vehicles. J Sol Energy 86(1):441–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Li X, Lopes LAC, Williamson SS (2009) On the suitability of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging infrastructures based on wind and solar energy. In: IEEE power and energy society general meeting, 26–30 July 2009

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hadley, SW (2007) Evaluating the impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on regional electricity supplies. In: Bulk power system dynamics and control—VII. Revitalizing operational reliability, Aug 2007

    Google Scholar 

  26. Yan Q, Kezunovic M (2012) Impact analysis of electric vehicle charging on distribution system. In: North American power symposium (NAPS), Sept 2012

    Google Scholar 

  27. Moghe R, Kreikebaum F, Hernandez JE, Kandula RP, Divan D (2011) Mitigating distribution transformer lifetime degradation caused by grid-enabled vehicle (GEV) charging. In: IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition (ECCE), Sept 2011

    Google Scholar 

  28. Masoum AS, Deilami S, Moses PS, Abu-Siada (2010) A impacts of battery charging rates of plug-in electric vehicle on smart grid distribution systems. In: IEEE PES innovative smart grid technologies conference Europe (ISGT Europe), Oct 2010

    Google Scholar 

  29. Qian K, Zhou C, Allan M, Yuan Y (2010) Load model for prediction of electric vehicle charging demand. In: International conference on power system technology (POWERCON), Oct 2010

    Google Scholar 

  30. Papadopoulos P, Skarvelis-Kazakos S, Grau I, Cipcigan LM, Jenkins N (2010) Predicting electric vehicle impacts on residential distribution networks with distributed generation. In: IEEE vehicle power and propulsion conference (VPPC), Sept 2010

    Google Scholar 

  31. Jian L, Xue H, Xu G, Zhu X, Zhao D, Shao Z (2013) Regulated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles for minimizing load variance in household smart microgrid. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 60(8):3218–3226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Osawa M, Yoshimi K, Yamashita D, Yokoyama R, Masuda T, Kondou H, Hirota T (2012) Increase the rate of utilization of residential photovoltaic generation by EV charge-discharge control. In: IEEE innovative smart grid technologies—Asia (ISGT Asia), May 2012

    Google Scholar 

  33. Chukwu UC, Mahajan SM (2014) V2G parking lot with pv rooftop for capacity enhancement of a distribution system. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 5(1):119–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Geiles TJ, Islam S (2013) Impact of PEV charging and rooftop PV penetration on distribution transformer life. In: IEEE power and energy society general meeting (PES), 21–25 July 2013

    Google Scholar 

  35. Robalino DM, Kumar G, Uzoechi LO, Chukwu UC, Mahajan SM (2009) Design of a docking station for solar charged electric and fuel cell vehicles. In: International conference on clean electrical power, 9–11 June 2009

    Google Scholar 

  36. Alamri BR, Alamri AR (2009) Technical review of energy storage technologies when integrated with intermittent renewable energy. In: International conference on sustainable power generation and supply, SUPERGEN, 6–7 April 2009

    Google Scholar 

  37. Gurkaynak Y, Khaligh A (2009) Control and power management of a grid connected residential photovoltaic system with plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) load. In: Twenty-fourth annual IEEE applied power electronics conference and exposition (APEC), 15–19 Feb 2009

    Google Scholar 

  38. Nagarajan A, Shireen W (2010) Grid connected residential photovoltaic energy systems with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) as energy storage. In: IEEE power and energy society general meeting, 25–29 July 2010

    Google Scholar 

  39. Oviedo RM, Fan Z, Gormus S, Kulkarni P (2014) A residential PHEV load coordination mechanism with renewable sources in smart grids. J Electr Power Energy Syst 55:511–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Gurkaynak Y, Li Z, Khaligh A (2009) A novel grid-tied, solar powered residential home with plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) loads. In: IEEE vehicle power and propulsion conference VPPC 09, 7–10 Sept 2009

    Google Scholar 

  41. Roggia L, Rech C, Schuch L, Baggio JE, Hey HL, Pinheiro JR (2011) Design of a sustainable residential microgrid system including PHEV and energy storage device. In: Proceedings of the 2011—14th European conference on power electronics and applications (EPE 2011), 30 Aug–1 Sept 2011

    Google Scholar 

  42. Sheng S, Hsu CT, Li P, Lehman B (2013) Energy management for solar battery charging station. In: IEEE 14th workshop on control and modeling for power electronics (COMPEL), 23–26 June 2013

    Google Scholar 

  43. Chen Z, Liu N, Xiao X, Lu X, Zhang J (2013) Energy exchange model of PV-based battery switch stations based on battery swap service and power distribution. In: IEEE vehicle power and propulsion conference (VPPC), Oct 2013

    Google Scholar 

  44. Choe GY, Kim JS, Lee BK, Won CY, Lee TW (2010) A bi-directional battery charger for electric vehicles using photovoltaic PCS systems. In: IEEE vehicle power and propulsion conference (VPPC), 1–3 Sept 2010

    Google Scholar 

  45. Vaidya M, Stefanakos EK, Krakow B, Lamb HC, Arbogast T, Smith T (1996) Direct DC-DC electric vehicle charging with a grid connected photovoltaic system. In: Twenty fifth IEEE photovoltaic specialists conference, 13–17 May 1996

    Google Scholar 

  46. Gamboa G, Hamilton C, Kerley R, Elmes S, Arias A, Shen J, Batarseh I (2011) Control strategy of a multi-port, grid connected, direct-DC PV charging station for plug-in electric vehicles. In: IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition (ECCE), 12–16 Sept 2011

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hamilton C, Gamboa G, Elmes J, Kerley R, Arias A, Pepper M, Shen J, Batarseh I (2010) System architecture of a modular direct-DC PV charging station for plug-in electric vehicles. In: 36th annual conference on IEEE industrial electronics society (IECON), 7–10 Nov 2010

    Google Scholar 

  48. Schönberger J, Duke R, Round SD (2006) DC-Bus signaling: a distributed control strategy for a hybrid renewable nanogrid. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 53(5):1453–1460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Sun K, Zhang L, Xing Y, Guerrero JM (2011) A distributed control strategy based on dc bus signaling for modular photovoltaic generation systems with battery energy storage. IEEE Trans Power Electron 26(10):3032–3045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Jin C, Wang P, Xiao J, Tang Y, Choo FH (2014) Implementation of hierarchical control in DC microgrids. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 61(8):4032–4042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Preetham G, Shireen W (2012) Photovoltaic charging station for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in a smart grid environment. Paper presented at IEEE PES innovative smart grid technologies, 16–20 Jan 2012

    Google Scholar 

  52. Goli P, Shireen W (2014) PV integrated smart charging of PHEVs based on DC link voltage sensing. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 5(3):1421–1428

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, USA

    Preetham Goli

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, USA

    Wajiha Shireen

Authors
  1. Preetham Goli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wajiha Shireen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Preetham Goli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, West Australia, Australia

    Sumedha Rajakaruna

  2. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, West Australia, Australia

    Farhad Shahnia

  3. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, West Australia, Australia

    Arindam Ghosh

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Goli, P., Shireen, W. (2015). Control and Management of PV Integrated Charging Facilities for PEVs. In: Rajakaruna, S., Shahnia, F., Ghosh, A. (eds) Plug In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids. Power Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-317-0_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-317-0_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-287-316-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-287-317-0

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation