Abstract
The paper discusses the procedure followed for the fabrication of fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminates from unidirectional glass and carbon fiber, using the classical hand-layup technique. The mechanical properties of these laminates were determined through a series of standard characterization tests, conducted on specimens drawn out in the form of coupons. To understand the material response, stress-vs.-strain curves till failure are plotted and analyzed. The test results showed that except for the longitudinal tensile strength and modulus, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates possess better mechanical properties than carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. The obtained strength and stiffness properties can be utilized for the analysis and design of composite structural elements fabricated from such laminates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- σ 1 :
-
Longitudinal tensile/compressive stress acting on a ply, along principal material axis-1.
- σ 2 :
-
Transverse tensile/compressive stress acting on a ply, along principal material axis-2.
- σ xu :
-
Ultimate tensile stress generated in the laminate subjected to 10° off-axis tension test.
- σ mu :
-
Tensile strength of the epoxy matrix.
- τ 12 :
-
In-plane shear stress acting on a ply in principal material plane1-2.
- ϵ mu :
-
Tensile strain in the epoxy matrix at failure.
- ν 12 :
-
Poisson’s ratio of a ply for principal material plane 1–2
- v m , v f :
-
Volume of the matrix, and fibers, respectively.
- ρ m , ρ f , ρ c :
-
Mass density of the matrix, fibers, and composite laminate, respectively.
- θ :
-
Orientation of the fibers of a laminate measured from the loading axis.
- E1, E2:
-
Elastic modulus of a ply along principal material axes 1 and 2, respectively
- E m :
-
Elastic modulus of the epoxy matrix.
- E x :
-
Elastic modulus of the laminate subjected to 45\(^\circ\) off-axis tension test.
- G12, G23:
-
Shear modulus of a ply corresponding to principal material planes 1–2 and 2–3, respectively
- S :
-
In-plane shear strength of a ply, in principal material plane 1–2.
- V m , V f :
-
Volume fraction of the matrix, and fibers, respectively
- v m , v f :
-
Volume of the matrix, and fibers, respectively.
- W m , W f :
-
Weight fraction of the matrix, and fibers, respectively.
- w m , w f , w c :
-
Weight of the matrix, fibers, and composite laminate, respectively.
- X T , X C :
-
Longitudinal tensile and compressive strengths of a ply, along principal material axis-1, respectively.
- X ϵT , X ϵC :
-
Longitudinal tensile and compressive strain at failure, of a ply, along principal material axis-1, respectively.
- Y T , Y C :
-
Transverse tensile and compressive strengths of a ply, along principal material axis-2, respectively.
- Y ϵT , Y ϵC :
-
Transverse tensile and compressive strain at failure, of a ply, along principal material axis-2, respectively
References
RM Jones 1999 Mechanics of composite materials 2 Taylor and Francis Group New York
EJ Barbero 2018 Introduction to composite materials design 3 CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group, New York
BD Agarwal LJ Broutman K Chandrashekhara 2006 Analysis and performance of fiber composites 3 Wiley New Jersey
ASTM International (2014) Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials, ASTM D3039, West Conshohocken
Chamis CC, Sinclair JH 10° Off-axis tensile test for intralaminar shear characterization of fiber composites, Report No. NASA TN D-8215, Lewis Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington DC, April 1976
Pindera MJ, Herakovich CT (1985) Shear characterization of unidirectional composites with the off-axis tension test. Experimental Mech 103–111
ASTM International (2003) Standard test method for compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials with unsupported gage section by shear loading, ASTM D3410, West Conshohocken
ASTM International (2013) Standard specification for epoxy molding compound, ASTM D3013, West Conshohocken
ASTM International (1999) Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics, ASTM D638, West Conshohocken
IM Daniel O Ishai 2006 Engineering mechanics of composite materials 2 Oxford University Press New York
Acknowledgements
The technical support provided to the authors through US-India Partnership 2020 project was instrumental in the successful execution of the presented work. Also, the financial support provided by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi through Scheme no. (22(0781)/19/EMR-II) sanctioned to the second author is highly appreciated for helping in the successful execution of the presented study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mehra, A.S., Singh, S.B. (2023). Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Glass/Epoxy and Carbon/Epoxy Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates. In: Singh, S.B., Gopalarathnam, M., Kodur, V.K.R., Matsagar, V.A. (eds) Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Materials and Sustainable Structures. Composites Science and Technology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8979-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8979-7_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-8978-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-8979-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)