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The One and Its Two Contrary Aspects: The Philosophy of Zhang Zai

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Fifteen Lectures on Chinese Philosophy

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Abstract

Zhang Zai (张载), style name Zi Hou (子厚), was born in 1020 A.D. and died in 1077 A.D. His family lived in Daliang (大梁, Kaifeng city of Henan Province, 河南开封). His father worked as an official in Fu Zhou (涪州) and died there. Zhang Zai and his little brother exhausted their resources on their way back to their hometown and stopped in a place named Heng Qu (横渠镇) in Mei County, Fengxiang, Shaanxi (陕西凤翔府眉县).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See the Biography of Zhang Zai in The History of the Song Dynasty (《宋史·张载传》), in Zhang Zai, The Complete Works of Zhang Zai (Zhang Zai Ji, 《张载集》), Beijing: Zhonghua Press, 1978, pp. 385–386.

  2. 2.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 386.

  3. 3.

    Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, Er Cheng Ji, 2004, pp. 414-415.

  4. 4.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 386.

  5. 5.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 383.

  6. 6.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 386.

  7. 7.

    Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, Er Cheng Ji, 2004, p. 427.

  8. 8.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 288.

  9. 9.

    Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, Er Cheng Ji, 2004, p. 39.

  10. 10.

    See Huang Zongxi 黄宗羲 and Quan Zuwang 全祖望, Song Yuan Xue An (《宋元学案》), Beijing: Zhonghua Press, 1986, p. 771.

  11. 11.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 369.

  12. 12.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 7.

  13. 13.

    Zhang Dainian 张岱年, The Outline of Chinese Philosophy (Zhong Guo Zhe Xue Da Gang, 《中国哲学大纲》), Beijing: China Social Science Press, 1982, p. 44.

  14. 14.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 7.

  15. 15.

    Chen Lai 陈来, Neo-Confucianism (Song Ming Li Xue, 《宋明理学》), Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2004, p. 46.

  16. 16.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 8.

  17. 17.

    Mou Zongsan 牟宗三, Xin Ti Yu Xing Ti (vol.1) (《心体与性体》 (上册)), Changchun: Jilin Press Corporation, 2013, pp. 394–401.

  18. 18.

    Zhang Dainian, Zhong Guo Zhe Xue Da Gang, 1982, p. 45.

  19. 19.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 48.

  20. 20.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 8.

  21. 21.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 7.

  22. 22.

    Li Jingde ed, Zhu Zi Yu Lei, 1986, p. 2537.

  23. 23.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 7.

  24. 24.

    Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, Er Cheng Ji, 2004, p. 148.

  25. 25.

    Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, Er Cheng Ji, 2004, p. 167.

  26. 26.

    Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, Er Cheng Ji, 2004, p. 17.

  27. 27.

    See Yang Lihua 杨立华, Qi Ben Yu Shen Hua: Zhang Zai Zhe Xue Shu Lun (《气本与神化: 张载哲学述论》), Beijing: Peking University Press, 2008, pp. 65–67.

  28. 28.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 7.

  29. 29.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 16.

  30. 30.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 233.

  31. 31.

    See Footnote 30.

  32. 32.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 11.

  33. 33.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 10.

  34. 34.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 16.

  35. 35.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 15.

  36. 36.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 16.

  37. 37.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 205.

  38. 38.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 9.

  39. 39.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, pp. 232–233.

  40. 40.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 9.

  41. 41.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, pp. 232–233.

  42. 42.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 126.

  43. 43.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 23.

  44. 44.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 9.

  45. 45.

    Lou Yulie, Wangbi Ji Jiaoshi, 1980, p. 196.

  46. 46.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 63.

  47. 47.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 21.

  48. 48.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 23.

  49. 49.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 21.

  50. 50.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 22.

  51. 51.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 24.

  52. 52.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 321.

  53. 53.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 274.

  54. 54.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 268.

  55. 55.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 321.

  56. 56.

    Ibid.

  57. 57.

    Zhang Zai, Zhang Zai Ji, 1978, p. 24.

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  1. Department of Philosophy, Peking University, Beijing, China

    Lihua Yang

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Yang, L. (2023). The One and Its Two Contrary Aspects: The Philosophy of Zhang Zai. In: Fifteen Lectures on Chinese Philosophy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8481-5_11

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