Abstract
In Canada, as in many countries, the three levels of government continue to respond decisively to the novel coronavirus crisis (COVID-19) with a focus on increasing the capacity of the health care system and containing the spread of COVID-19 using public health measures such as hand washing, wearing masks, physical distancing, and a push for vaccination. One of the most challenging issues in establishing an action plan in response to an unexpected event like a pandemic is the uncertainty and speed at which evidence emerges. Hence, the ways new policies for managing the pandemic are communicated, mediated among varied stakeholders, and engage all stakeholders in complex decision-making processes are crucial to success.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bai X, Surveyer A, Elmqvist T, Gatzweiler FW, Güneral F, Parnell S et al (2016) Defining and advancing a systems approach for sustainable cities. Current Opinion Environmental Sustainability 23:69–78
Braveman P, Gottlieb L (2014) The social determinants of health: it’s time to consider the causes of the causes. Public Health Rep 129(1_suppl 2):19–31
Gatzweiler F, Fu B, Rozenblat C, Jenny Su H-J, Luginaah I, Corburn J, Boufford JI, Valdes JV, Nguendo-Yongsi B, Howden-Chapman P, Singh RB, Cooper R, Oni T, Zhu Y-G (2020) COVID-19 reveals the systemic nature of urban health globally. Cities & Health 5:S32–S36
Krieger N (1994) Epidemiology and the web of causation: has anyone seen the spider? Soc Sci Med 39(7):887–903
Luginaah I (2009) Health geography in Canada: where are we headed? The Canadian Geographer 53(1):91–99
MLHU (2020) Social determinants of health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Middlesex-London Health Unit, London, Ontario
MLHU (2022a) Multilingual resources for COVID-19. https://www.healthunit.com/covid-19-multilingual-resources. Accessed 2 September 2022
MLHU (2022b) Summary of COVID cases in Midddlesex-London. https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMzE5MzJlOTItOWE2ZS00MDNlLTlkNDEtMTcyYTg5OGFhMTFiIiwidCI6ImRjNTYxMjk1LTdjYTktNDFhOS04M2JmLTUwODM0ZDZhOWQwZiJ9. Accessed 14 February 2022
Ontario Federation of Labour Aboriginal Circle and Ontario Federation of Labour Aboriginal Persons Caucus (2017) Traditional territory acknowledgements in ontario [Internet]. Ontario Federation of Labour, Toronto ON [cited 2018 Nov 22]. www.ofl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017.05.31-Traditional-Territory-Acknowledgement-in-Ont.pdf
Statistics Canada (2013) Middlesex-London Health Unit, Ontario (Code 3544) (table). National Household Survey (NHS) Profile. 2011 National Household Survey. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-004-XWE. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON [updated 2013 Sep 11; cited 2018 Dec 3]. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca
Webster P (2020) Canada and COVID-19: learning from SARS. The Lancet 395(10228):936–937
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Zhejiang University Press
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Luginaah, I., Arku, G., Kosmack, D. (2023). CANADA: Examining the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the City of London and Middlesex County Using a Systems Approach—What Lessons Can We Learn?. In: Howden-Chapman, P., Wilhelm Gatzweiler, F., Cooper, R., Luginaah, I. (eds) Cities Under COVID-19: A Systems Perspective. Urban Health and Wellbeing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8163-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8163-0_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-8162-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-8163-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)