Abstract
In this book, authors from 15 different countries used systems perspectives to analyse their cities’ responses to COVID-19 in the first two years of the pandemic. In this concluding chapter, we outline the different policy approaches, the outcomes achieved and some of the global lessons learnt. We are conscious that the pandemic and the outcomes are unpredictable, and not yet over. However, the pattern of excess deaths in our case study countries, excluding those countries where the data are considered less reliable or not available, has shown that by mid-2022, Omicron has presented new challenges for the effectiveness of early strategies.
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Notes
- 1.
Exact reporting dates vary.
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Howden-Chapman, P., Wilhelm Gatzweiler, F., Luginaah, I., Cooper, R. (2023). Conclusion. In: Howden-Chapman, P., Wilhelm Gatzweiler, F., Cooper, R., Luginaah, I. (eds) Cities Under COVID-19: A Systems Perspective. Urban Health and Wellbeing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8163-0_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8163-0_17
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