Skip to main content

Exploiting Video Classification Using Deep Learning Models for Human Activity Recognition

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computer Vision and Robotics

Part of the book series: Algorithms for Intelligent Systems ((AIS))

Abstract

One of the most important and challenging research areas in the fields of Computer Vision is Human Activity Recognition (HAR). It has various applications including human-computer interaction, Intelligent driving. Intelligent video surveillance, human–robot interaction, ambient assisted living, etc. The major issues faced in this domain are feature extraction and feature selection which ends up in using handcrafted feature representation-based methods. This issue has been successfully addressed by Deep Learning techniques in various state-of-the-art classification methods for images and videos. But still which method is suited in which condition depends on the kind of dataset used for analysis. Deep Learning models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Variants of CNN, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and other fusion methods have shown promising results for a specific kind of activity related to HAR. Activity in HAR can be categorized as Gesture, Action, Interaction (Single-User, Multiple-User, Group). Each category has its own set of issues. This research aims to focus on Video Classification in bench marked datasets like UCF50, KTH, and Wizmann for Human gesture and Action Recognition which will then be confined to recognize the particular activity performed in the datasets. CNN and RNN fusion models such as Long Term Recurrent Convolutional Networks (LRCN) and ConvLSTM. These models performed efficiently of all the benchmarked datasets and hence can be utilized for Human Activity Recognition in arbitrary video dataset.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aggarwal JK, Cai Q (1999) Human motion analysis: a review. Comput Vis Image Underst 73(3):428–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Aggarwal JK, Ryoo MS (2011) Human activity analysis: a review. ACM Comput Surv 43(3):16:1–16:43

    Google Scholar 

  3. SchĂĽldt C, Laptev I, Caputo B (2004) Recognizing human actions: a local SVM approach. In: IEEE ICPR

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ryoo M, Aggarwal J (2009) Spatio-temporal relationship match: Video structure comparison for recognition of complex human activities. In: ICCV, pp 1593–1600

    Google Scholar 

  5. Rodriguez MD, Ahmed J, Shah M (2008) Action mach: a spatiotemporal maximum average correlation height filter for action recognition. In: CVPR

    Google Scholar 

  6. Marszałek M, Laptev I, Schmid C (2009) Actions in context. In: IEEE CVPR

    Google Scholar 

  7. Xia L, Chen C, Aggarwal J (2012) View invariant human action recognition using histograms of 3d joints. In: IEEE-CVPRW, pp 20–27

    Google Scholar 

  8. Singh S, Velastin SA, Ragheb H (2010) Muhavi: a multicamera human action video dataset for the evaluation of action recognition methods. In: AVSS, 2010 seventh IEEE international conference on IEEE, pp 48–55

    Google Scholar 

  9. Aggarwal JK, Xia L (2014) Human activity recognition from 3D data: a review. Pattern Recogn Lett 48:70–80

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN (1959) Receptive fields of single neurons in the cat’s striate cortex. J Physiol

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mathworks Inc. Convolutional neural networks. https://in.mathworks.com/discovery/convolutional-neural-network.html

  12. LeCun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G (2015) Deep learning. Nature 521(7553): 436–444

    Google Scholar 

  13. Al-Rfou R (2016) Theano: a python framework for fast computation of mathematical expressions. arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.02688

  14. Ronan C et al (2011) Torch7: a Matlab-like environment for machine learning. BigLearn, NIPS Workshop. NO. EPFL-CONF-192376

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jia Y, Shelhamer E, Donahue J, Karayev S, Long J, Girshick R, Guadarrama S, Darrell T (2014) Caffe: Convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1408.5093

  16. MartĂ­n A et al (2016) TensorFlow: large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous distributed systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.04467

  17. https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/deep_learning_60min_blitz.html

  18. Jamil A et al (2017) Data augmentation-assisted deep learning of hand-drawn partially colored sketches for the visual search. PLoS ONE 12(8):e0183838

    Google Scholar 

  19. Le Cun Y, Boser B, Denker JS, Henderson D, Howard RE, Hubbard W, Jackel LD (1989)Handwritten digit recognition with a back-propagation network. In: Advances in neural information processing systems (NIPS)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Girshick R, Donahue J, Darrell T, Malik J (2016) Region based convolutional networks for accurate object detection and segmentation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 38(1)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ren S, He K, Girshick R, Sun J (2017) Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39(6)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Redmon J, Farhadi A (2017) YOLO9000: better, faster, stronger. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang B, Wang L, Wang Z, Qiao Y, Wang H (2016) Real-time action recognition with enhanced motion vector CNNs. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hou R, Chen C, Shah M (2017) Tube convolutional neural network (T-CNN) for action detection in videos. In: IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bux A, Angelov P, Habib Z (2017) A comprehensive review on handcrafted and learning-based action representation approaches for human activity recognition. Appl Sci 7(1): 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7010110

  26. Martinez-del-Rincon J, Santofimia MJ, Nebel J (2013) Common sense reasoning for human action recognition. Pattern Recog Lett 34(15):1849–1860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2012.10.020

  27. Haykin S (1994) Neural networks: a comprehensive foundation

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hochreiter S, Hochreiter S, Schmidhuber J, Schmidhuber J (1997) Long short-term memory. Neural Comput 9(8):1735–1780

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ordóñez FJ, Roggen D (2016) Deep convolutional and lSTM recurrent neural networks for multimodal wearable activity recognition. Sensors 16(1):115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Karpathy A, Johnson J, Fei-Fei L (2015) Visualizing and understanding recurrent networks. arXiv preprintarXiv:1506.02078

  31. Reddy KK, Shah M (2012) Recognizing 50 human action categories of web videos, machine vision and applications journal (MVAP)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Schuldt C, Laptev I, Caputo B (2004)Recognizing human actions: a local SVM approach. Pattern recognition 2004, vol 3. ICPR, pp 32–36

    Google Scholar 

  33. Gorelick L, Blank M, Shechtman E, Irani M, Basri R (2007) Actions as space-time shapes. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 29(12):2247–2253. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2007.70711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Du Y, Wang W, Wang L (2015) Hierarchical recurrent neural network for skeleton based action recognition. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 1110–1118

    Google Scholar 

  35. Liu J, Shahroudy A, Xu D, Wang G (2016) Spatio-temporal LSTM with trust gates for 3D human action recognition. In: European conference on computer vision. Springer, pp 816–833

    Google Scholar 

  36. Shahroudy A, Liu J, Ng T-T, Wang G (2016) NTU RGB+D: a large scale dataset for 3D human activity analysis. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Zhu W, Lan C, Xing J, Zeng W, Li Y, Shen L, Xie X (2016) Co-occurrence feature learning for skeleton based action recognition using regularized deep LSTM networks. In: Thirtieth AAAI conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Hinton GE (2012) Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Pereira F, Burges CJC, Bottou L, Weinberger KQ (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems 25. Curran Associates Inc., pp 1097–1105

    Google Scholar 

  39. Karpathy A, Toderici G, Shetty S, Leung T, Sukthankar R, Li F-F (2014) Large-scale video classification with convolutional neural networks. In: CVPR

    Google Scholar 

  40. Girshick R, Donahue J, Darrell T, Malik J (2014) Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 580–587

    Google Scholar 

  41. Neverova N, Wolf C, Taylor G, Nebout F (2015a) Moddrop: adaptive multi-modal gesture recognition. Pre-print: arXiv:1501.00102

  42. Taylor GW, Fergus R, LeCun Y, Bregler C (2010b) Convolutional learning of spatiotemporal features. In: European conference on computer vision. Springer, pp 140–153

    Google Scholar 

  43. Han C, Mei E, Wang C. hcs@stanford.edu, cwang17@stanford.edu, Evelyn66@stanford.edu

    Google Scholar 

  44. Yao A, Gall J, Fanelli G, Gool LV (2011) Does human action recognition benefit from pose estimation? In: BMVC

    Google Scholar 

  45. Shotton J, Sharp T, Kipman A, Fitzgibbon A, Finocchio M, Blake A, Cook M, Moore R (2013) Real-time human pose recognition in parts from single depth images. Commun ACM 56(1):116–124

    Google Scholar 

  46. Donahue J, Hendricks LA, Rohrbach M, Venugopalan S, Guadarrama S, Saenko K, Darrell T (2017) Long-term recurrent convolutional networks for visual recognition and description. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39(4):677–691. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2016.2599174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Le QV (2013) Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learning. In: 2013 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing, pp 8595–8598

    Google Scholar 

  48. Karpathy A, Fei-Fei L (2015) Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions. In: The IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Dean J, Corrado G, Monga R, Chen K, Devin M, Mao M, Aurelio Ranzato M, Senior A, Tucker P, Yang K, Le QV, Ng AY (2012) Large scale distributed deep networks. In: Pereira F, Burges CJC, Bottou L, Weinberger KQ (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems, vol 25. Curran Associates, Inc, pp 1223–1231

    Google Scholar 

  50. Donahue J, Jia Y, Vinyals O, Hoffman J, Zhang N, Tzeng E, Darrell T (2014) Decaf: a deep convolutional activation feature for generic visual recognition. In ICML

    Google Scholar 

  51. Sanchez-Caballero A, Fuentes-Jimenez D, Losada-Gutiérrez C (2020) Exploiting the ConvLSTM: human action recognition using raw depth video-based recurrent neural networks

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Upasna Singh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Singh, U., Singhal, N. (2023). Exploiting Video Classification Using Deep Learning Models for Human Activity Recognition. In: Shukla, P.K., Singh, K.P., Tripathi, A.K., Engelbrecht, A. (eds) Computer Vision and Robotics. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7892-0_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics