Skip to main content
  • 234 Accesses

Abstract

Infective Endocarditis is an inflammation of the valves and the endocardium. Vegetation formation is an essential evidence of infective endocarditis. The location, morphology, size, number, complications, and the mobility of the vegetation with the cardiac cycle must be assessed. Compared with transthoracic echocardiography, 3D TEE has much more advantages in examining infective endocarditis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Suggested Reading

  • Allred C, Crandall M, Auseon A. The important but underappreciated transgastric right ventricular inflow view for transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac implantable device infections. Echocardiography. 2013;30(1):E1–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Almdahl SM, Endresen PC, et al. Unusual left atrial vegetation. J Card Surg. 2014;29(5):638.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anwar AM, Nosir YF, et al. Real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: a novel approach for the assessment of prosthetic heart valves. Echocardiography. 2014;31(2):188–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barton TL, Mottram PM, Stuart RL, et al. Transthoracic echocardiography is still useful in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected infective endocarditis: evaluation of a large cohort at a tertiary referral center. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(6):799–805.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler TC, Sedgwick JF, Burstow DJ. 3-D assessment of infective endocarditis with anterior mitral valve perforation and flail posterior leaflet. Int J Cardiol. 2015;185:249.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SW, Tsai FC, Chou AH. Adult bicuspid aortic valve endocarditis with extensive paravalvular invasion attributable to disseminated varicella zoster infection. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;18(4):382–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Benedetto G, Citro R, Longobardi A, et al. Giant Candida mycetoma in an ascending aorta tubular graft. J Card Surg. 2013;28(5):557–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurbuz AS, Ozturk S, et al. Perforation of anterior mitral leaflet aneurysm: a rare cause of severe mitral regurgitation. Egyptian Heart J. 2016;68:131–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harding D, Cahill TJ, et al. Infective endocarditis complicating transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Heart. 2020;106:493–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harinstein ME, Marroquin OC. External coronary artery compression due to prosthetic valve bacterial endocarditis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;83(3):E168–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda A, Nakajima T, et al. Infective endocarditis of aorto-right atrial fistula caused by asymptomatic rupture of a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: a case report. Surg Case Rep. 2016;2:43.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liang M, Pasupati S, Jogia D. Post-transcoronary ethanol septal ablation (TESA) infective endocarditis complicated by a ventricular septal defect. J Invasive Cardiol. 2011;23(8):348–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ouyang H, Wu X, Zhang J. Giant vegetation in the right ventricle caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Candida mycoderma. Heart Surg Forum. 2014;17(1):E7–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patel N, Azemi T, Zaeem F, et al. Vacuum assisted vegetation extraction for the management of large lead vegetations. J Card Surg. 2013;28(3):321–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rap MI, Chacko A. Optimising the use of transoesophageal echocardiography in diagnosing suspected infective endocarditis. Acta Cardiol. 2015;70(4):487–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suryaprabha T, Kaul S, Alladi S, et al. Acute posterior circulation infarct due to bicuspid aortic valve vegetation: an uncommon stroke mechanism. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2013;16(1):100–2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka A, Sakamoto T, et al. Vegetation attached to the elephant trunk. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;44(3):565–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanis W, Teske AJ, van Herwerden LA, et al. The additional value of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in complex aortic prosthetic heart valve endocarditis. Echocardiography. 2015;32(1):114–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vilacosta I, Olmos C, de Agustín A, et al. The diagnostic ability of echocardiography for infective endocarditis and its associated complications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2015;16:1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yong MS, Saxena P, Killu AM, et al. The preoperative evaluation of infective endocarditis via 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. Tex Heart Inst J. 2015;42(4):372–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

9.1 Electronic Supplementary Material

(MP4 7379 kb)

(MP4 6607 kb)

(MP4 2377 kb)

(MP4 4045 kb)

(MP4 2753 kb)

(MP4 15,438 kb)

(MP4 11,450 kb)

(MP4 6025 kb)

(MP4 4561 kb)

(MP4 4139 kb)

(MP4 3470 kb)

(MP4 3411 kb)

(MP4 6333 kb)

(MP4 7142 kb)

(MP4 3670 kb)

(MP4 4292 kb)

(MP4 2107 kb)

(MP4 4541 kb)

(MP4 5588 kb)

(MP4 4123 kb)

(MP4 7990 kb)

(MP4 6695 kb)

(MP4 4209 kb)

(MP4 6178 kb)

(MP4 8412 kb)

(MP4 8809 kb)

(MP4 9407 kb)

(MP4 4207 kb)

(MP4 2068 kb)

(MP4 2564 kb)

(MP4 2225 kb)

(MP4 6599 kb)

(MP4 8341 kb)

(MP4 10,986 kb)

(MP4 4797 kb)

(MP4 3749 kb)

(MP4 1906 kb)

(MP4 2028 kb)

(MP4 299 kb)

(MP4 299 kb)

(MP4 257 kb)

(MP4 1399 kb)

(MP4 316 kb)

(MP4 379 kb)

(MP4 1070 kb)

(MP4 416 kb)

(MP4 478 kb)

(MP4 666 kb)

(MP4 413 kb)

(MP4 1960 kb)

(MP4 1710 kb)

(MP4 1138 kb)

(MP4 1074 kb)

(MP4 1988 kb)

(MP4 1994 kb)

(MP4 1476 kb)

(MP4 910 kb)

(MP4 921 kb)

(MP4 1124 kb)

(MP4 1011 kb)

(MP4 681 kb)

(MP4 529 kb)

(MP4 1744 kb)

(MP4 336 kb)

(MP4 1043 kb)

(MP4 562 kb)

(MP4 1733 kb)

(MP4 2026 kb)

(MP4 2046 kb)

(MP4 847 kb)

(MP4 891 kb)

(MP4 324 kb)

(MP4 1110 kb)

(MP4 1017 kb)

(MP4 465 kb)

(MP4 2562 kb)

(MP4 579 kb)

(MP4 475 kb)

(MP4 622 kb)

(MP4 1222 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Yin, WH., Hsiung, MC. (2023). Infective Endocarditis. In: Atlas of Perioperative 3D Transesophageal Echocardiography. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6794-8_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6794-8_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-6793-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-6794-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics