Abstract
Oral glucose tolerance test is the gold standard to diagnose diabetes mellitus. For assessing beta cell reserve and classifying the young onset diabetes and for therapeutic decision glucagon stimulated C-peptide is required. Mixed meal stimulation test has variety of uses in endocrinology-assessment of beta cell reserve, evaluation of hypoglycemia in different scenarios like post gastric bypass hypoglycemia, reactive hypoglycemia etc. Insulinoma is often unifocal when sporadic however when associated with genetic conditions like multiple endocrine neoplasia, multiplicity is known. 72 hour fasting is the most sensitive test to establish hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Selective arterial calcium stimulation test is required in such cases for identifying the culminating lesion which has an elaborate protocol. Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone test is a well established time honoured test for differentiating TSHoma and Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH). T3 suppression test is also used for same as availability of TRH is limited.
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Abbreviations
- 2-h PG:
-
2-hour plasma glucose
- ADA:
-
American Diabetes Association
- BG:
-
Blood glucose
- BHB:
-
Beta-hydroxybutyrate
- CBG:
-
Capillary blood glucose
- CECT:
-
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography
- CEMRI:
-
Contrast-enhanced MRI sella
- CPK:
-
Creatinine phosphokinase
- DPA:
-
Dorsal pancreatic artery
- EDTA:
-
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- FPG:
-
Fasting plasma glucose
- FT3:
-
Free tri-iodo thyronine
- FT4:
-
Free tetra-iodo thyronine
- GDA:
-
Gastroduodenal artery
- GDM:
-
Gestational diabetes mellitus
- IGT:
-
Impaired glucose tolerance
- IM:
-
Intramuscular
- IV:
-
Intravenous
- MEN-I:
-
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I
- mHVI:
-
Maximum hepatic venous insulin concentration
- MIP:
-
Maximum intensity projection
- MMT:
-
Mixed meal tolerance test
- MODY:
-
Maturity-onset diabetes of young
- NIPH:
-
Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia
- OGTT:
-
Oral glucose tolerance test
- PCOD:
-
Polycystic ovarian disease
- PET-CT:
-
Positron-emission tomography-computed tomography
- PGBH:
-
Post-gastric bypass hypoglycemia
- PRL:
-
Prolactin
- rHVI:
-
Relative hepatic venous insulin concentration
- RTH:
-
Resistance to thyroid hormone
- SHBG:
-
Sex hormone-binding globulin
- SMA:
-
Superior mesenteric artery
- SPA:
-
Splenic artery
- T1DM:
-
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- T2DM:
-
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TRH:
-
TSH-releasing hormone
- TSH:
-
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- TT3:
-
Total tri-iodo thyronine
- TT4:
-
Total tetra-iodo thyronine
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Jayant, S.S., Pal, R., Bhadada, S.K. (2023). Endocrinology Evaluation Protocol: Diabetes and Thyroid. In: Bhadada, S., Das, L., Pal, R. (eds) Diagnostic Protocols in Endocrinology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6653-8_2
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