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Phase Transitions of Pyroxene and Garnet, and Post-spinel Transition Forming Perovskite

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High-Pressure Silicates and Oxides

Part of the book series: Advances in Geological Science ((AGS))

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Abstract

MgSiO3-rich orthopyroxene, CaMgSi2O6-rich clinopyroxene and Mg3Al2Si3O12-rich garnet consist of ~40 vol% of the Earth’s upper mantle. The two pyroxenes dissolve into garnet to form majorite garnet solid solution at a pressure range of ~8–16 GPa in the upper mantle and the transition zone. Perovskite-type CaSiO3 is exsolved from majorite at ~20 GPa. Majorite further transforms to perovskite-type MgSiO3-rich bridgmanite at the top part of the lower mantle. Spinel-type Mg2SiO4-rich (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 ringwoodite consisting of ~60 vol% of the lower part of the transition zone dissociates into (Mg,Fe)SiO3 bridgmanite and (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase at ~23 GPa and ~1600 °C. This transition, called the post-spinel transition, is generally accepted to be responsible for the 660-km seismic discontinuity. This chapter is concerned with high-pressure experimental and thermodynamic studies on these phase transitions, which lead to the formation of perovskite-type silicate phases.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan

    Masaki Akaogi

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Akaogi, M. (2022). Phase Transitions of Pyroxene and Garnet, and Post-spinel Transition Forming Perovskite. In: High-Pressure Silicates and Oxides. Advances in Geological Science. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6363-6_6

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