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Olivine–Modified Spinel–Spinel Transitions

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High-Pressure Silicates and Oxides

Part of the book series: Advances in Geological Science ((AGS))

Abstract

Olivine of Mg-rich (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 composition is accepted as the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s upper mantle. High-pressure phase transitions of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine have been investigated to clarify the constitution and dynamics of the Earth’s mantle. Mg-rich olivine transforms into the modified spinel-structured phase and next into the spinel-type phase as pressure increases. In this chapter, the high-pressure phase relations of olivine in the Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 system are discussed; they were studied by means of high-pressure and high-temperature experiments and thermodynamic calculations based on calorimetric measurements. The historical aspects of these studies are also described. The modified spinel-type and spinel-type phases can incorporate water of up to about 3 wt% as OH− in the structures. Therefore, the transition zone may be a major reservoir of water in the Earth’s interior. The effects of water on the phase relations in the Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 system are discussed. Modified spinel-type phases belong to a group of spinelloid. The structures and phase relations of some representative spinelloid compounds are described in the final section of this chapter.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan

    Masaki Akaogi

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Akaogi, M. (2022). Olivine–Modified Spinel–Spinel Transitions. In: High-Pressure Silicates and Oxides. Advances in Geological Science. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6363-6_5

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