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Childhood Narcolepsy

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Paediatric Sleep Disorders

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Abstract

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep-wakefulness disorder that frequently begins much earlier than is clinically recognized, and retrospectively it becomes clear that its symptoms typically start in childhood. Children with narcolepsy experience excessive sleepiness, cataplexy, and rapid–eye-movement (REM)-related phenomena such as sleep paralysis and hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations. These symptoms impact their social activities, school performance, and quality of life and lead to emotional and behavioral problems, including depression, anxiety, and attention deficit disorders. Several pediatric issues such as obesity, metabolic problems, and precocious puberty are also noted relating to hypocretin. Therefore, treatment should start as early as possible to avoid negative influences during children’s development, and such treatment should be comprehensive and involve close cooperation between school, family, and medical personnel.

This chapter explores the specific characteristics of pediatric narcolepsy’s clinical manifestations and draws attention to its common under-recognition and misdiagnosis. Furthermore, we explore the etiology and pathophysiology of pediatric narcolepsy, including not only such genetic studies as human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin (Hcrt), but also brain imaging studies. In addition, we discuss the diagnostic process of pediatric narcolepsy, the roles of the gold standard tests, and auxiliary examinations. We review the treatment of pediatric narcolepsy, including newly developed medication and other forms of management.

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  1. Department of Child Psychiatry and Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Wei-Chih Chin & Yu-Shu Huang

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  1. Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong

    Albert Martin Li

  2. Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Kate Ching-ching Chan

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Chin, WC., Huang, YS. (2022). Childhood Narcolepsy. In: Li, A.M., Chan, K.Cc. (eds) Paediatric Sleep Disorders. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5791-8_11

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