Abstract
Minocycline, a semisynthetic, broad spectrum tetracycline antibiotic has been widely used as a bacteriostatic drug. It exerts its anti-bacterial action on its attachment to the smaller subunit of prokaryotic ribosome (30S) and inhibits the translation process. Minocycline (C23H27N3O7) has a small size and shows high lipophilicity, due to which it can cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the CNS; therefore, its use can be repurposed in neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis multiple sclerosis, etc. Drug repurposing involves identifying uses for drugs (approved and investigational) that are other than their original medication indications. Minocycline plays a role in neurodegenerative disorders by variable mechanisms such as exerting its anti-apoptotic action by inhibition of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis, anti-inflammatory effects by modulation of microglia, cytokines, lipid mediators, metalloproteases, etc. It also acts as an anti-aggregatory drug and exerts its action on protein misfolding which is a major cause of neurodegenerative disorders. The repurposing of minocycline is being observed by performing clinical and pre-clinical trials which have also been discussed in this chapter.
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Abbreviations
- Ach:
-
Acetylcholine
- AD:
-
Alzheimer’s disease
- ALS:
-
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- ALS FRS-R:
-
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functioning rating scale
- APOE:
-
Apo-lipo-protein E
- APP:
-
Amyloid Precursor Protein
- ATP:
-
Adenosine Triphosphate
- BBB:
-
blood–brain barrier
- BD :
-
Twice a day
- CGN:
-
Cerebellar granule neurons
- CN:
-
cranial nerve
- CNS:
-
central nervous system
- DA:
-
Dopamine
- DAT:
-
Dopamine Transporter
- DATATOP:
-
Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy of Parkinsonism
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
- EAE:
-
encephalomyelitis
- ETC:
-
Electron Transport Chain
- FDA:
-
Food and Drug Administration
- FVC:
-
forced vital capacity
- HD:
-
Huntington’s disease
- IL:
-
interleukin
- IL-1 β:
-
Interleukin-1beta
- iNOS:
-
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
- LMN:
-
lower motor neuron
- LRRK2:
-
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2
- MAO-B:
-
Monoamine oxidase-B
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MC:
-
Matched control
- MCI:
-
Mild cognitive impairment
- MMT:
-
manual muscle testing
- MPP+:
-
1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium
- MPTP:
-
1- Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance Imaging
- MRS:
-
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- MS:
-
multiple sclerosis
- NADPH oxidase:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NMDA Receptor:
-
N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor
- PARK7:
-
Parkinsonism associated Deglycase
- PARP1:
-
Poly Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose polymerase
- PD:
-
Parkinson’s Disease
- PINK1:
-
PTEN-induced kinase 1
- PPMS:
-
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
- PRKN:
-
Parkin RBR E3 Ubiquitin Protein
- PRMS:
-
Progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis
- RBANS:
-
Repeatable battery for the assessment of Neuropsychological Status
- RNS:
-
Reactive Nitrogen Species
- ROS:
-
Reactive Oxygen Species
- RRMS:
-
relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
- SNCA:
-
Synuclein Alpha
- SNpc:
-
Substantia Nigra pars Compacta
- SPMS:
-
secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
- TNF-α:
-
Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha
- UMN:
-
upper motor neuron
- UPDRS:
-
Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale
- WHO:
-
World Health Organisation
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Sanshita, R.B., Sood, P., Thakur, D., Kuhad, A. (2023). Repurposing of Minocycline, a Tetracycline Antibiotic, for Neurodegenerative Disorders. In: Sobti, R.C., Lal, S.K., Goyal, R.K. (eds) Drug Repurposing for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5399-6_27
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