Abstract
Post-synthetic modification is a valuable approach to tune the properties of materials after the traditional synthetic protocols without disturbing the core structure. Several post-synthetic methods are adopted for the modification of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Transmetalation is a post-synthetic method where new metal ions exchange the metal ions of parent MOFs to tune the chemical and physical properties. Several transmetalation approaches were employed for the complete exchange or partial exchange of parent metal centers to give MOF materials with enhanced properties. In this article, a brief idea about transmetalation and its potential in the making functional MOFs was discussed by listing a few examples of contemporary interest.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lee J, Farha OK, Roberts J, Scheidt KA, Nguyen ST, Hupp JT (2009) Metal–organic framework materials as catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 38:1450–1459
Hoang LTM, Ngo LH, Nguyen HL, Nguyen HTH, Nguyen CK, Nguyen BT, Ton QT, Nguyen HKD, Cordova KE, Truong T (2015) An azobenzene-containing metal–organic framework as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for direct amidation of benzoic acids: synthesis of bioactive compounds. Chem Commun 51:17132–17135
Li B, Wen H-M, Zhou W, Chen B (2014) Porous metal-organic frameworks for gas storage and separation: what, how, and why? J Phys Chem Lett 5:3468–3479
Adil K, Belmabkhout Y, Pillai RS, Cadiau A, Bhatt PM, Assen AH, Maurin G, Eddaoudi M (2017) Gas/vapour separation using ultra-microporous metal–organic frameworks: insights into the structure/separation relationship. Chem Soc Rev 46:3402–3430
Belmabkhout Y, Guillerm V, Eddaoudi M (2016) Low concentration CO2 capture using physical adsorbents: are metal–organic frameworks becoming the new benchmark materials? Chem Eng J 296:386–397
Kang Z, Fan L, Sun D (2017) Recent advances and challenges of metal–organic framework membranes for gas separation. J Mater Chem A 5:10073–10091
Zhao X, Wang Y, Li D-S, Bu X, Feng P (2018) Metal-organic frameworks for separation. Adv Mater 30:1705189
Li J-R, Sculley J, Zhou H-C (2012) Metal-organic frameworks for separations. Chem Rev 112:869–932
Kreno LE, Leong K, Farha OK, Allendorf M, Van Duyne RP, Hupp JT (2012) Metal-organic framework materials as chemical sensors. Chem Rev 112:1105–1125
Achmann S, Hagen G, Kita J, Malkowsky IM, Kiener C, Moos R (2009) Metal-organic frameworks for sensing applications in the gas phase. Sensors 9
Taylor-Pashow KML, Della Rocca J, Xie Z, Tran S, Lin W (2009) Postsynthetic modifications of iron-carboxylate nanoscale metal−organic frameworks for imaging and drug delivery. J Am Chem Soc 131:14261–14263
So MC, Wiederrecht GP, Mondloch JE, Hupp JT, Farha OK (2015) Metal–organic framework materials for light-harvesting and energy transfer. Chem Commun 51:3501–3510
Hönicke IM, Senkovska I, Bon V, Baburin IA, Bönisch N, Raschke S, Evans JD, Kaskel S (2018) Balancing mechanical stability and ultrahigh porosity in crystalline framework materials. Angew Chem Int Ed 57:13780–13783
Li H, Eddaoudi M, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM (1999) Design and synthesis of an exceptionally stable and highly porous metal-organic framework. Nature 402:276–279
Allendorf MD, Bauer CA, Bhakta RK, Houk RJT (2009) Luminescent metal–organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 38:1330–1352
Mínguez Espallargas G, Coronado E (2018) Magnetic functionalities in MOFs: from the framework to the pore. Chem Soc Rev 47:533–557
Howarth AJ, Liu Y, Li P, Li Z, Wang TC, Hupp JT, Farha OK (2016) Chemical, thermal and mechanical stabilities of metal–organic frameworks. Nat Rev Mater 1:15018
Mondloch JE, Katz MJ, Planas N, Semrouni D, Gagliardi L, Hupp JT, Farha OK (2014) Are Zr6-based MOFs water stable? Linker hydrolysis vs. capillary-force-driven channel collapse. Chem Commun 50:8944–8946
Chae HK, Siberio-Pérez DY, Kim J, Go Y, Eddaoudi M, Matzger AJ, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Materials Design and Discovery G (2004) A route to high surface area, porosity and inclusion of large molecules in crystals. Nature 427:523–527
Férey G, Mellot-Draznieks C, Serre C, Millange F, Dutour J, Surblé S, Margiolaki I (2005) A chromium terephthalate-based solid with unusually large pore volumes and surface area. Science 309:2040–2042
Koh K, Wong-Foy AG, Matzger AJ (2008) A crystalline mesoporous coordination copolymer with high microporosity. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:677–680
Robson R (2000) A net-based approach to coordination polymers. J Chem Soc, Dalton Trans 3735–3744
Moulton B, Zaworotko MJ (2001) From molecules to crystal engineering: supramolecular isomerism and polymorphism in network solids. Chem Rev 101:1629–1658
Eddaoudi M, Moler DB, Li H, Chen B, Reineke TM, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM (2001) Modular chemistry: secondary building units as a basis for the design of highly porous and robust metal−organic carboxylate frameworks. Acc Chem Res 34:319–330
Yaghi OM, O’Keeffe M, Ockwig NW, Chae HK, Eddaoudi M, Kim J (2003) Reticular synthesis and the design of new materials. Nature 423:705–714
Dau PV, Tanabe KK, Cohen SM (2012) Functional group effects on metal–organic framework topology. Chem Commun 48:9370–9372
Lu W, Wei Z, Gu Z-Y, Liu T-F, Park J, Park J, Tian J, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Gentle Iii T, Bosch M, Zhou H-C (2014) Tuning the structure and function of metal–organic frameworks via linker design. Chem Soc Rev 43:5561–5593
Wang Z, Cohen SM (2009) Postsynthetic modification of metal–organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 38:1315–1329
Brozek CK, Bellarosa L, Soejima T, Clark TV, López N, Dincă M (2014) Solvent-dependent cation exchange in metal–organic frameworks. Chem Eur J 20:6871–6874
Xu G-C, Zhang W, Ma X-M, Chen Y-H, Zhang L, Cai H-L, Wang Z-M, Xiong R-G, Gao S (2011) Coexistence of magnetic and electric orderings in the metal-formate frameworks of [NH4][M(HCOO)3]. J Am Chem Soc 133:14948–14951
Mandal S, Natarajan S, Mani P, Pankajakshan A (2021) Post-synthetic modification of metal-organic frameworks toward applications. Adv Func Mater 31:2006291
Mukherjee G, Biradha K (2012) Post-synthetic modification of isomorphic coordination layers: exchange dynamics of metal ions in a single crystal to single crystal fashion. Chem Commun 48:4293–4295
Soffer RL (1973) Post-translational modification of proteins catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA-protein transferases. Mol Cell Biochem 2:3–14
Uy R, Wold F (1977) Posttranslational covalent modification of proteins. Science 198:890–896
Davis Benjamin G (2004) Mimicking posttranslational modifications of proteins. Science 303:480–482
Walsh G, Jefferis R (2006) Post-translational modifications in the context of therapeutic proteins. Nat Biotechnol 24:1241–1252
Campidelli S, Meneghetti M, Prato M (2007) Separation of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes via covalent functionalization. Small 3:1672–1676
Davis JJ, Coleman KS, Azamian BR, Bagshaw CB, Green MLH (2003) Chemical and biochemical sensing with modified single walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Eur J 9:3732–3739
Sun Y-P, Fu K, Lin Y, Huang W (2002) Functionalized carbon nanotubes: properties and applications. Acc Chem Res 35:1096–1104
Balasubramanian K, Burghard M (2005) Chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes. Small 1:180–192
Bianco A, Kostarelos K, Partidos CD, Prato M (2005) Biomedical applications of functionalised carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun 571–577
Prato M, Kostarelos K, Bianco A (2008) Functionalized carbon nanotubes in drug design and discovery. Acc Chem Res 41:60–68
Chui Stephen SY, Lo Samuel MF, Charmant Jonathan PH, Orpen AG, Williams Ian D (1999) A chemically functionalizable nanoporous material [Cu3(TMA)2(H2O)3]n. Science 283:1148–1150
Hwang YK, Hong D-Y, Chang J-S, Jhung SH, Seo Y-K, Kim J, Vimont A, Daturi M, Serre C, Férey G (2008) Amine grafting on coordinatively unsaturated metal centers of MOFs: consequences for catalysis and metal encapsulation. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:4144–4148
Demessence A, D’Alessandro DM, Foo ML, Long JR (2009) Strong CO2 binding in a water-stable, triazolate-bridged metal−organic framework functionalized with ethylenediamine. J Am Chem Soc 131:8784–8786
Bommakanti S, Das SK (2019) A quantitative transmetalation with a metal organic framework compound in a solid–liquid interface reaction: synthesis, structure, kinetics, spectroscopy and electrochemistry. CrystEngComm 21:2438–2446
Dincǎ M, Long JR (2007) High-enthalpy hydrogen adsorption in cation-exchanged variants of the microporous metal−organic framework Mn3[(Mn4Cl)3(BTT)8(CH3OH)10]2. J Am Chem Soc 129:11172–11176
Cairns AJ, Perman JA, Wojtas L, Kravtsov VC, Alkordi MH, Eddaoudi M, Zaworotko MJ (2008) Supermolecular building blocks (SBBs) and crystal design: 12-connected open frameworks based on a molecular cubohemioctahedron. J Am Chem Soc 130:1560–1561
Asha KS, Bhattacharjee R, Mandal S (2016) Complete transmetalation in a metal-organic framework by metal ion metathesis in a single crystal for selective sensing of phosphate ions in aqueous media. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:11528–11532
Sun D, Sun F, Deng X, Li Z (2015) Mixed-metal strategy on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for functionalities expansion: Co substitution induces aerobic oxidation of cyclohexene over inactive Ni-MOF-74. Inorg Chem 54:8639–8643
Pereira MM, Dias LD, Calvete MJF (2018) Metalloporphyrins: bioinspired oxidation catalysts. ACS Catal 8:10784–10808
Beyene BB, Hung C-H (2020) Recent progress on metalloporphyrin-based hydrogen evolution catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 410:213234
Gotico P, Halime Z, Aukauloo A (2020) Recent advances in metalloporphyrin-based catalyst design towards carbon dioxide reduction: from bio-inspired second coordination sphere modifications to hierarchical architectures. Dalton Trans 49:2381–2396
Zhang Z, Zhang L, Wojtas L, Nugent P, Eddaoudi M, Zaworotko MJ (2012) Templated synthesis, postsynthetic metal exchange, and properties of a porphyrin-encapsulating metal-organic material. J Am Chem Soc 134:924–927
Pal TK, De D, Neogi S, Pachfule P, Senthilkumar S, Xu Q, Bharadwaj PK (2015) Significant gas adsorption and catalytic performance by a robust CuII–MOF derived through single-crystal to single-crystal transmetalation of a thermally less-stable ZnII–MOF. Chem Eur J 21:19064–19070
Chen B, Yang Z, Zhu Y, Xia Y (2014) Zeolitic imidazolate framework materials: recent progress in synthesis and applications. J Mater Chem A 2:16811–16831
Jin C-X, Shang H-B (2021) Synthetic methods, properties and controlling roles of synthetic parameters of zeolite imidazole framework-8: a review. J Solid State Chem 297:122040
Feng S, Zhang X, Shi D, Wang Z (2021) Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) for drug delivery: a critical review. Front Chem Sci Eng 15:221–237
Zhao C, Dai X, Yao T, Chen W, Wang X, Wang J, Yang J, Wei S, Wu Y, Li Y (2017) Ionic exchange of metal-organic frameworks to access single nickel sites for efficient electroreduction of CO2. J Am Chem Soc 139:8078–8081
Bůžek D, Adamec S, Lang K, Demel J (2021) Metal–organic frameworks vs. buffers: case study of UiO-66 stability. Inorg Chem Front 8:720–734
Zheng W, Lee LYS (2021) Metal-organic frameworks for electrocatalysis: catalyst or precatalyst? ACS Energy Lett 6:2838–2843
Wu H, Chua YS, Krungleviciute V, Tyagi M, Chen P, Yildirim T, Zhou W (2013) Unusual and highly tunable missing-linker defects in zirconium metal-organic framework UiO-66 and their important effects on gas adsorption. J Am Chem Soc 135:10525–10532
Winarta J, Shan B, McIntyre SM, Ye L, Wang C, Liu J, Mu B (2020) A decade of UiO-66 research: a historic review of dynamic structure, synthesis mechanisms, and characterization techniques of an archetypal metal-organic framework. Cryst Growth Des 20:1347–1362
Sun D, Liu W, Qiu M, Zhang Y, Li Z (2015) Introduction of a mediator for enhancing photocatalytic performance via post-synthetic metal exchange in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Chem Commun 51:2056–2059
Lee Y, Kim S, Kang JK, Cohen SM (2015) Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by a mixed metal (Zr/Ti), mixed ligand metal–organic framework under visible light irradiation. Chem Commun 51:5735–5738
Nazri MKHM, Sapawe N (2020) A short review on photocatalytic toward dye degradation. Mater Today Proc 31:A42–A47
Routoula E, Patwardhan SV (2020) Degradation of anthraquinone dyes from effluents: a review focusing on enzymatic dye degradation with industrial potential. Environ Sci Technol 54:647–664
Navarro Amador R, Carboni M, Meyer D (2017) Sorption and photodegradation under visible light irradiation of an organic pollutant by a heterogeneous UiO-67–Ru–Ti MOF obtained by post-synthetic exchange. RSC Adv 7:195–200
Smith SJD, Ladewig BP, Hill AJ, Lau CH, Hill MR (2015) Post-synthetic Ti exchanged UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks that deliver exceptional gas permeability in mixed matrix membranes. Sci Rep 5:7823
Hon Lau C, Babarao R, Hill MR (2013) A route to drastic increase of CO2 uptake in Zr metal organic framework UiO-66. Chem Commun 49:3634–3636
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kurapati, S.K. (2023). Transmetalation: A Post-synthetic Modification Tool for Functional Metal–Organic Framework Materials. In: Arockiarajan, A., Duraiselvam, M., Raju, R., Reddy, N.S., Satyanarayana, K. (eds) Recent Advances in Materials Processing and Characterization. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5347-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5347-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-5346-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-5347-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)