Abstract
Based on analyzing the importance of the all-round rise of middle class in China, this chapter presents five basic measures to realize this rise. The five measures are: to attach high importance to the all-round rise of the middle class and connect it with measures to step over the “middle-income trap”; to improve the economic quality by maintaining healthy and sustainable economic growth, opening up new demands in various aspects and transforming the economic development mode in order to enlarge and enrich the “pie” of social wealth; to expand the personnel source of “the all-round rise” and expand the middle class by adjusting the industrial and employment structure, promoting urbanization and modifying the income distribution structure; to deepen the reform of the economic and social system comprehensively and eliminate the obstacles to the development of equal competition among market subjects and the shortcomings which obstruct the development and expansion of the middle class in order to provide structural and institutional support for “the all-round rise”; and to enhance education and spiritual construction in order to improve the overall quality and promote the maturity of the middle class.
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Notes
- 1.
Quoted from Business Reform Helps Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Reduce Burden, China Securities Journal, September 8, 2014.
- 2.
Quoted from Wu Jingjing: “Innovation Engine” Promotes Development: A Summary of Science and Technology Innovation Supporting Economic and Social Development in China, Xinhua Net, October 20, 2013.
- 3.
Quoted from Wu Jingjing: Total number of China's national high-tech zones have reached 114, with total revenue of 20.3 trillion yuan in 2013, Xinhua Net, October 20, 2013.
- 4.
Quoted from Wang Haofei: “Innovation Engine” Promotes Development: A Summary of Science and Technology Innovation Supporting Economic and Social Development in China, Xinhua Net, October 20, 2013.
- 5.
This cites the conclusion of Wang Haipeng's research report “Analysis of the Relation between China's Fiscal Science and Technology Investment and Economic Growth” in Baidu Library.
- 6.
Data quoted from the National Statistical Bureau: The Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China in 2014.
- 7.
Quoted from Xie Hongguang: New Normality Promotes New Motivation, New Progress brings New Hope: Review of the Statistical Bulletin of 2014, People’s Daily, February 27, 2015.
- 8.
Li Keqiang attended the National Teleconference on Promoting the Functional Change of the Combination of Simplification, Decentralization and Administration, Xinhua Net, May 12, 2015.
- 9.
Quoted from Chi Fulin (Editor-in-Chief): Transforming Choices: Trends and Challenges of China's Transformation and Upgrading in 2020, China Economic Publishing House, 2015, p. 66.
- 10.
Quoted from Urbanization as an Important Engine of Economic Growth in China, China Industry Research Network, January 9, 2013.
- 11.
Quoted from Urbanization as an Important Engine of Economic Growth in China, China Industry Research Network, January 9, 2013.
- 12.
The proportions of survival consumption expenditure and enjoyable consumption quoted here are drawn from Chi Fulin (Editor-in-Chief): Transforming Choice - Trends and Challenges of China's Transformation and Upgrading in 2020, China Economic Press, 2015, p. 107.
- 13.
Quoted from Transforming Choices - Trends and Challenges of China's Transforming and Upgrading in 2020, China Economic Press, 2015, p. 110.
- 14.
The data in this paragraph are quoted from Transition Choice - Trends and Challenges of China's Transition and Upgrading in 2020, China Economic Publishing House, 2015, p. 244.
- 15.
Quoted from The total investment of “Belt and Road” Initiative is expected to reach 1 dollars and 6 trillion dollars, Hexun Net, January 8, 2015.
- 16.
Quoted from Commemorating the Great Victory of World War II, Writing a New Chapter of Silk Road Cooperation - Foreign Minister Wang Yi talking about Xi Jinping’s attendance to the 70th Anniversary Celebration of the Victory of the Patriotic War in Russia and visit to Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, People’s Daily, May 13, 2015.
- 17.
Data quoted from the Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development by the National Statistical Bureau from 2013 to 2014.
- 18.
Data collected from China Statistical Yearbook 2014 and China Statistical Yearbook 2006.
- 19.
Quoted from Transforming Choice - Trends and Challenges of China's Transformation and Upgrading in 2020, China Economic Press, 2015, p. 16.
- 20.
Collected according to the economy data of 2014 published by National Bureau of Statistics and Statistical Bureau: China’s Urbanization Rate (1949-2013) by Baidu Library.
- 21.
The proportion is quoted from the Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development, 2014, issued by the National Bureau of Statistics.
- 22.
Namely, the synchronization of income growth and economic development, and the synchronization of labor remuneration growth and labor productivity improvement.
- 23.
Quoted from The Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents Reduced for Four consecutive Years in 2013, China Urban-Rural Co-ordinated Development Network, February 16, 2014.
- 24.
Computation based on the relevant data from The Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development in 2014.
- 25.
Quoted from Liu Xuemin (Editor-in-Chief): China Pay Development Report 2013-2014, China Labor and Social Security Press, 2015, pp. 4–21.
- 26.
Analyzed based on data for the relevant years in the China Statistical Yearbook.
- 27.
According data from Statistics of Income and Expenditure of Urban Households Grouped by Five Parts in Chinese Calendar Years in China Statistical Abstract 2014.
- 28.
According to relevant data published by the National Bureau of Statistics in The Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development in 2011 and 2013.
- 29.
According to relevant data from The Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development published by the National Statistical Bureau in 2011 and 2014.
- 30.
Based on the data of the National Bureau of Statistics on the largest gap between urban and rural residents in the five-class group, the gap between the highest-income group and the lowest-income group in the five-class group of households by the State Health and Planning Commission is not taken into account, which is 19 times as large as that of the lowest-income group in the five-class group of households.
- 31.
It is known that the total number of public servants in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (including government staff, assistant government staff, public education staff and public medical institutions staff) accounts for 3% of the total population of Hong Kong residents, while six million Hong Kong people can be staffed with 180,000 civil servants, and this proportion that has remained unchanged for many years. The Mainland can also develop a scientific and reasonable method to redesign the allocation of staff in line with the national conditions, in order to break the vicious streamlining-swelling cycle of previous government agencies or redesigning civil servants solely as determined by the head of government.
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Su, H., Wang, H., Chang, F. (2022). Basic Measures for the Overall Rise of the Middle Class. In: The Rise of the Middle Class in Contemporary China. The Great Transformation of China. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5099-5_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5099-5_9
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