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Introduction: Types of Parkinson’s Disease

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Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fractional Anisotropy

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Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most popular variety of parkinsonism and is known as “idiopathic parkinsonism” because the cause is unknown. PD is a common neurology-related disorder after Alzheimer’s. Reduction of dopaminergic cells and increased iron deposition in the SN of the midbrain are the primary pathophysiologic causes of tremors, bradykinesia and rigidity. Motor symptoms are seen due to loss of dopamine, whereas nonmotor symptoms are through cholinergic, serotoninergic or noradrenergic systems. This neurodegenerative disease is also called a subtype of synucleinopathy. A protein called alpha-synuclein is abnormally accumulated in the brain leading to the destruction of brain cells resulting in PD-specific symptoms. Clinically and pathologically many neurodegenerative diseases mimic each other and the most common being the close resemblance of PD being mimicked as Alzheimer’s disease. In Alzheimer’s disease, however, a different protein known as tau protein accumulates in brain cells. Thus, clinical presentations differ predominantly, and dementia is the presentation of Alzheimer’s disease, whereas tremors and imbalance would be the presentation of PD [1].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Rahul P. Kotian

  2. Department of Radio-Diagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India

    Prakashini Koteshwar

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Correspondence to Rahul P. Kotian .

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Kotian, R.P., Koteshwar, P. (2022). Introduction: Types of Parkinson’s Disease. In: Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fractional Anisotropy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5001-8_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5001-8_8

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