Skip to main content

WhyMyFace: A Novel Approach to Recognize Facial Expressions Using CNN and Data Augmentations

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Emerging Technologies in Data Mining and Information Security

Abstract

Aptitude, in terms of human facial recognition, cases prior one of digital image’s fundamental parts. This conveys facial parameters in many social contexts. Medical imaging, robotics, intrusion detection system with sentiment analysis, and automation and some industries use computer vision to understand human facial expressions. Studying human facial expressions using deep learning has become popular in recent years, and several efforts have been made. However, facial expression recognition remains challenging because of the wide range of persons with similar facial expressions. This paper proposed a 16-layer efficient CNN technique to categorize human facial expressions with data augmentation. Then, we evaluated our proposed approach on a well-known facial expression recognition, the FER2013 benchmark dataset. And, the proposed technique achieves state-of-the-art testing accuracy of 89.89\(\%\) exceeding some prior research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. Mehrabian, Communication without words, in Communication Theory. (Routledge, UK, London, 2017), pp. 193–200

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. Shidujaman, H. Mi, Which country are you from? A cross-cultural study on greeting interaction design for social robots, in International Conference on Cross-Cultural Design. (Springer, Cham, 2018)

    Google Scholar 

  3. N. Christou, N. Kanojiya, Human facial expression recognition with convolution neural networks. in Third International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. (Springer, Singapore, 2019)

    Google Scholar 

  4. M. A. R. Refat, M. A. Amin, C. Kaushal, M. N. Yeasmin, M. K. Islam, A comparative analysis of early stage diabetes prediction using machine learning and deep learning approach, in 2021 6th International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC) (2021), pp. 654–659

    Google Scholar 

  5. M.M. Hassan, M.A. Mamun Billah, M.M. Rahman, S. Zaman, M.M. Hasan Shakil, J.H. Angon, Early predictive analytics in healthcare for diabetes prediction using machine learning approach, in 2021 12th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) (2021), pp. 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  6. C. Kaushal, M. A. R. Refat, M. A. Amin, M. K. Islam, Comparative micro blogging news analysis on the covid-19 pandemic scenario, ed. by M. Saraswat, S. Roy, C. Chowdhury, A. H. Gandomi, Proceedings of International Conference on Data Science and Applications. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol. 287 (Springer, Singapore, 2022)

    Google Scholar 

  7. N. I. Mahbub, M. R. Islam, M. A. Amin, M. K. Islam, B.C. Singh, M.I. H. Showrov, A. Sarkar, Sentiment analysis of microblogging dataset on coronavirus pandemic (2021 ). arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.09275

  8. T. Zhang, Facial expression recognition based on deep learning: a survey. in International conference on intelligent and interactive systems and applications. (Springer, Cham, 2017)

    Google Scholar 

  9. J.B. Fugate, A.J. O’Hare, W.S. Emmanuel, Emotion words: facing change. J. Experimental Soc. Psychol. 79, 264–274 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. N.T. Cao, A.H. Ton-That, H.I. Choi, An effective facial expression recognition approach for intelligent game systems. Int. J. Comput. Vis. Robot. 6, 223–234 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. C. Clavel, I. Vasilescu, L. Devillers, G. Richard, T. Ehrette, Fear-type emotion recognition for future audio-based surveillance systems. Speech Commun. 50, 487–503 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. LeCun, L. Bottou, Y. Bengio, P. Haffner, Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  13. T. Cao, M. Li, Facial expression recognition algorithm based on the combination of cnn and k-means, in ICMLC ’19 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  14. P. Babajee, G. Suddul, S. Armoogum, R. Foogooa, Identifying human emotions from facial expressions with deep learning, in 2020 Zooming Innovation in Consumer Technologies Conference (ZINC) (2020), pp. 36–39

    Google Scholar 

  15. M. K. Islam, M. N. Yeasmin, C. Kaushal, M. A. Amin, M. R. Islam, M. I. Hossain Showrov, Comparative analysis of steering angle prediction for automated object using deep neural network, in 2021 9th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO) (2021), pp. 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  16. K. Liu, M. Zhang, Z. Pan, Facial expression recognition with cnn ensemble, 2016 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW) (2016), pp. 163–166

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, G. E. Hinton, Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks, ed. by F. Pereira, C. J. C. Burges, L. Bottou, K. Q. Weinberger. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 25 (Curran Associates, Inc., 2012), pp. 1097–1105

    Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Yadav, V. Kumar, V. Ranga, R.M. Rawat, Analysis of facial sentiments: a deep-learning way, in 2020 International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) (2020), pp. 541–545

    Google Scholar 

  19. T.-Y. Chang, G. Wen, Y. Hu, J. Ma, Facial expression recognition based on complexity perception classification algorithm (2018). ArXiv abs/1803.00185

    Google Scholar 

  20. H.-D. Nguyen, S. Yeom, G. Lee, H.-J. Yang, I.-S. Na, S. Kim, Facial emotion recognition using an ensemble of multi-level convolutional neural networks. Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell. 33, 1 940 015:1–1 940 015:17 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. Gudi, H. Tasli, T. M. D. Uyl, A. Maroulis, Deep learning based facs action unit occurrence and intensity estimation, in 2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG), vol. 6 (2015), pp. 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. T. Moran, Classifying emotion using convolutional neural networks. UC Merced Undergraduate Res. J. 11 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  23. M.K. Islam, M.A. Amin, M.R. Islam, M.N.I. Mahbub, M.I.H. Showrov, C. Kaushal, Spam-detection with comparative analysis and spamming words extractions, in 2021 9th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO) (2021), pp. 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  24. M.M. Hassan, M.M. Hassan, L. Akter, M.M. Rahman, S. Zaman, K.M. Hasib, N. Jahan, R.N. Smrity, J. Farhana, M. Raihan et al., Efficient Prediction of Water Quality index (WQI) Using Machine Learning Algorithms (Hum. Centric Intell. Syst., 2021). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4135697

  25. M. K. Islam, C. Kaushal, M. AL AMIN, Smart home-healthcare for skin lesions classification with IoT based data collection device (2021). https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/Smart_Home-Healthcare_for_Skin_Lesions_Classification_with_IoT_Based_Data_Collection_Device_/16870729

  26. I.J. Goodfellow, D. Erhan, P.L. Carrier, A. Courville, M. Mirza, B. Hamner, W. Cukierski, Y. Tang, D. Thaler, D.-H. Lee, Y. Zhou, C. Ramaiah, F. Feng, R. Li, X. Wang, D. Athanasakis, J. Shawe-Taylor, M. Milakov, J. Park, R.T. Ionescu, M. Popescu, C. Grozea, J. Bergstra, J. Xie, L. Romaszko, B. Xu, C. Zhang, Y. Bengio, Challenges in representation learning: A report on three machine learning contests. Neural Netw. Official J. Int. Neural Netw. Soci. 64, 59–63 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  27. X. Cui, V. Goel, B. Kingsbury, Data augmentation for deep neural network acoustic modeling. IEEE/ACM Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 23, 1469–1477 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. C. Kaushal, A. Singla, Analysis of breast cancer for histological dataset based on different feature extraction and classification algorithms, in International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communications (Springer, Berlin, 2021), pp. 821–833

    Google Scholar 

  29. A.F. Agarap, Deep learning using rectified linear units (relu), in ArXiv abs/1803.08375, 2018

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, G. E. Hinton, Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks, in CACM (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  31. S. Park, N. Kwak, Analysis on the dropout effect in convolutional neural networks,’ in ACCV (2016 )

    Google Scholar 

  32. C. Nwankpa, W. Ijomah, A. Gachagan, S. Marshall, Activation functions: comparison of trends in practice and research for deep learning. ArXiv abs/1811.03378 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  33. F. Chollet, Keras: the python deep learning library. in Astrophysics Source Code Library, ascl-1806 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Abadi, P. Barham, J. Chen, Z. Chen, A. Davis, J. Dean, M. Devin, S. Ghemawat, G. Irving, M. Isard, M. Kudlur, J. Levenberg, R. Monga, S. Moore, D. Murray, B. Steiner, P. Tucker, V. Vasudevan, P. Warden, M. Wicke, Y. Yu, X. Zhang, Tensorflow: a system for large-scale machine learning, in OSDI (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  35. S. Mannor, D. Peleg, R. Rubinstein, The cross entropy method for classification,’ in ICML’05 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Md Khairul Islam .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Refat, M.A.R., Sarker, S., Kaushal, C., Kaur, A., Islam, M.K. (2023). WhyMyFace: A Novel Approach to Recognize Facial Expressions Using CNN and Data Augmentations. In: Dutta, P., Bhattacharya, A., Dutta, S., Lai, WC. (eds) Emerging Technologies in Data Mining and Information Security. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1348. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4676-9_48

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics