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Methods for Exploring the Microbial Diversity of Western Ghats in India and their Extended Applications in Various Fields

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Microbial Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Ecosystem Sustainability

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Abstract

Western Ghats of India is one of the global biodiversity hotspot that seeks extreme care and conservation. Unique geography and climatic condition in different locations of Western Ghats entertain the existence of a number of endemic species that are under extreme threat. Study of microbial diversity in biodiversity hotspots is a challenging field. The difficulties associated with sample collection, culturing of microbes, identification and metabolite purification renders the microbial pool of biodiversity hotspots untouched. This chapter aimed to summarize the microbial diversity of Indian Western Ghats and their potential applications in various fields. Instead of reviewing the microbial diversity of Western Ghats, this chapter provides a complete guide on the tools and techniques involved in exploration of microflora of any biodiversity hotspots. A number of sampling techniques, microbial enumeration and identification methods have been discussed in which Metagenomics approach and library construction is a turning point in the study of cultivable and non-cultivable microflora of an ecosystem. With the advanced techniques like flow cytometry, microautoradiography and the use fluorescent probes, the metabolic status of the microbial population can be monitored in situ. Molecular identification techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), sequencing and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) are useful for the phylogenetic analysis and species identification. Special focus was given to microbial enzymes, industrial pollutants degrading microbes, pesticide degraders, quorum sensing and quorum quenching molecules reported so far from Western Ghats. The pieces of information provided in this chapter signify the applications of unique microflora of Western Ghats and importance of conservation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the following persons for providing the images of endangered species.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Molecular Parasitology & Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    H. Shabeer Ali

  2. Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, Kannur University, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Thalassery, Kerala, India

    P. Prajosh & A. Sabu

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  1. H. Shabeer Ali
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  2. P. Prajosh
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  3. A. Sabu
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Correspondence to A. Sabu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

    Cristóbal Noé Aguilar

  2. Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, India

    Sabu Abdulhameed

  3. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

    Raul Rodriguez-Herrera

  4. Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    Shiburaj Sugathan

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Shabeer Ali, H., Prajosh, P., Sabu, A. (2023). Methods for Exploring the Microbial Diversity of Western Ghats in India and their Extended Applications in Various Fields. In: Aguilar, C.N., Abdulhameed, S., Rodriguez-Herrera, R., Sugathan, S. (eds) Microbial Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Ecosystem Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4336-2_5

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