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Etiology and Risk Factors of Keratoconus

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Keratoconus

Abstract

Keratoconus (KC) is a common condition that affects the cornea and is characterized by bilateral, progressive corneal thinning that results in an abnormally steep cornea and decreased vision. If left untreated, KC can lead to blindness. The etiology of KC is largely unknown despite its increasing prevalence. It appears to be a heterogeneous disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies provide insights into KC pathogenesis. Recent studies have made headway into identifying genetic risk factors for KC, but only a small portion of the overall genetic component has been identified. Several environmental risk factors have been reported to be associated with KC, but their individual contributions are difficult to explain due to the presence of many confounding variables. Various strategies have been employed to better understand the etiology of KC as this will provide important information as to the underlying mechanisms leading to the condition and with the intent of developing therapies that treat the disease. In this chapter, we summarize our current knowledge of the etiology and risk factors associated with KC.

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  1. Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Mark Daniell & Srujana Sahebjada

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  1. L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Sujata Das

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Daniell, M., Sahebjada, S. (2022). Etiology and Risk Factors of Keratoconus. In: Das, S. (eds) Keratoconus. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4262-4_2

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