Abstract
The rare earth elements comprise Sc, Y, and the lanthanide elements (La–Lu). Their physical properties and physicochemical behaviors are determined by the characteristics of their atomic electron layer arrangements. Several lists in this section give the characteristics of the atomic structure of rare earth elements and various physical properties. Among them, relative atomic masses are those in the 1987 standard and the values published officially in 1988; temperature data correspond to the International Temperature Standard (ITS-90) of 1990.
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Wang, C. (2023). Properties, Compounds, and Complexes of Rare Earth Elements. In: Theory and Application of Rare Earth Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4178-8_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4178-8_3
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