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Prospect of Chicken Litter as a Source of Sustainable Energy

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Manure Technology and Sustainable Development

Part of the book series: Sustainable Materials and Technology ((SMT))

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Abstract

Chicken (poultry) litter is a heterogeneous substance usually consisting of poultry droppings, feathers, spilled feed, and bedding materials used in poultry farming. Additionally, it contains water, dead skin, microbiota, and feed scraps. The steady growth of chicken production has led to exponential growth in chicken litter generation. The substances are primarily disposed of in the environment, used as organic fertilizer, or fed to ruminants. However, indiscriminate disposal and improper elimination of chicken litter into the surrounding is causing significant environmental and social damages. This growing problem can be ameliorated by converting chicken litter into biofuel via thermochemical processes. This way, chicken litter can potentially be used for producing electricity, heat, biochar, and fuel with low particle emission. While there are numerous processes for efficient biomass conversion, chicken litter does not have any standard composition, as a result, it is challenging to optimize the operating conditions. It is essential that a chicken litter to biofuel conversion systems is efficient and well controlled to offer economically feasible energy generation. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is to analyze the physio-chemical characteristics of chicken litter and evaluate its potential for multi-utilization as biofuel and organic fertilizer. Moreover, the chapter discusses the available and advanced process of thermochemical energetic conversion of chicken litter to assess its potential as a sustainable renewable source.

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Abbreviations

\({\rho }_{t}\) :

Tap bulk density (kg/m3)

\({m}_{c}\) :

Sample mass in the cylinder (kg)

\({V}_{t}\) :

Sample volume after finishing the tapping (m3)

\({d}_{gw}\) :

Median size of particles by geometric mean diameter (mm)

\({S}_{log}\) :

Geometric standard deviation of log-normal distribution by mass in ten bases logarithm (dimensionless)

\({S}_{gw}\) :

Geometric standard deviation of particle diameter by mass (mm)

\({W}_{i}\) :

Mass of sample on ith sieve (g)

\(n\) :

Total number of sieves plus one pan

\(\overline{{d }_{i}}\) :

Aperture size of the ith sieve (mm)

\({\rho }_{p}\) :

Particle density (m3)

\({m}_{p}\) :

Mass of the sample cell (kg)

\({V}_{p}\) :

Volume of the sample (m3)

\(\varepsilon\) :

Porosity

\({\rho }_{b}\) :

Bulk density (m3)

\({H}_{r}\) :

Hausner ratio

\({C}_{m}\) :

Mechanical Compressibility

\({V}_{i}\) :

Initial volume (m3)

\({V}_{f}\) :

Final volume (m3)

\({\rho }_{bi}\) :

Bulk density at initial point (kg/m3)

\({\rho }_{bf}\) :

Bulk density at final point (kg/m3)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, VIC-3083, Australia

    Mahadi Hasan Masud & Peter Dabnichki

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh

    Mahadi Hasan Masud & Nufile Ahmed

  3. Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden

    Anan Ashrabi Ananno

  4. Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Sher-e-Bangla Nagor, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh

    Mosarrat Mahjabeen

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  1. Mahadi Hasan Masud
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Correspondence to Mahadi Hasan Masud .

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  1. Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, INTROP, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohammad Jawaid

  2. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Anish Khan

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Masud, M.H., Ananno, A.A., Mahjabeen, M., Ahmed, N., Dabnichki, P. (2023). Prospect of Chicken Litter as a Source of Sustainable Energy. In: Jawaid, M., Khan, A. (eds) Manure Technology and Sustainable Development. Sustainable Materials and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4120-7_5

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