Abstract
It has been over 170 years from the year 1806 when Brunel invented the tunnel boring machine (Fig. 1) to the 1980s, during which shield machines were mainly applied in uniform geological conditions, either soft ground or hard rock formation.
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Zhu, W., Ju, S., Wang, H. (2023). Mixed Face Ground Conditions and Composite TBM. In: Shield Tunneling Technology in Mixed Face Ground Conditions. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4112-2_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4112-2_1
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