Future Research Priorities of Crucifers’ Host-Pathosystem

Abstract

During the last two decades of present century, significant progress has been made in comprehension of genomics of crucifers’ host-pathosystem using multiomics technology by the Brassica scientists. However, there is always a scope for improvement in the technology to get better insight in this complex biological system being challenged by multiple stresses under natural and directed modern agricultural cultivation technology. It is imperative that a universal database set up of genomic studies kept updated. Cloning of more R genes from Brassica species against different stresses will strengthen better our management of host defense system. The information generation on induction of R genes and virulence genes at different stages of infection and pathogenesis will clear the complex life cycle of biotrophs and hemibiotrophs. More information on combining of race specific and non-race-specific R genes on durability of host resistance is required to get better insight on pathogen virulence evolution. There is a need to resolve controversial views on improved resistance by R genes pyramiding and its breakdown. Search of more R genes from wild relatives may provide better resources for some pathogens. More efforts are required to develop multiple disease resistance cultivars. The use of pangenomic approach can facilitate R genes mining from a wider plate form. The use of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics can provide new opportunities for mining R genes during prebreeding to promote better insight of host–pathogen interactions. The orthologous genes in Brassica should be investigated. Transgenic breeding against necrotrophs may be exploited. Effector genes and their effects during pathogenesis need in-depth studies. The development of cell biology and use of biometabolomics can offer better opportunities for solving many mysteries of the pathogens switching over from biotrophs to necrotrophs.