Abstract
Applications of AI in rule of law hereof mainly refer to applying AI in legislation, law enforcement, justice and notarization, legal services and other aspects. This part analyzes the application in China and beyond from July 2019 to June 2020.
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Notes
- 1.
The east region includes Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong, Guanxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hainan.
- 2.
The middle region includes Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan.
- 3.
The west region includes Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
- 4.
From iResearch, https://www.iresearch.com.cn/Detail/report?id=3396&isfree=0.
- 5.
From iResearch, https://www.iresearch.com.cn/Detail/report?id=3553&isfree=0.
- 6.
From the official website of the Ministry of the Public Security: https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2253534/n2253535/c6840206/content.html.
- 7.
See Outlook for the Integration of 5G Network and Smart Court. WWW.CHINACOURT.ORG. https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2019/08/id/4297287.shtml.
- 8.
From Smart Court: Contribution and Acceleration of Fairness and Justice. WWW.CHINACOURT.ORG. https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2019/09/id/4479470.shtml.
- 9.
From China Trial Court Online, retrieved from April 27, 2020.
- 10.
From Remote Court Trials in Thousands of Courts in China, MZFZ.GOV.CN, https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1660041231274073897&wfr=spider&for=pc.
- 11.
From WeChat Official Account E-courts: Let Big Data Tell “Magic” of Micro Mobile Courts in Convenience Services, https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/0ZXxEPCbFPfJDT6JpE-AkA.
- 12.
See Fan Chongyi, Several Questions about Sentencing Suggestions on Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishment, JCRB.com, July 15, 2019, p. 2.
- 13.
From Beijing Internet Court: Over 10 m Electronic Evidence Deposited in “Balance Chain”, Cover News, https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1651795112641416244&wfr=spider&for=pc.
- 14.
This questionnaire surveys the practices of legal professionals to apply AI in the rule of law in China. A total of 1,444 valid questionnaires were collected.
- 15.
From Ma Yiqing, Technical Solution Plans for Blockchain Notarization, Network Notarization with Mandatory Enforcement, https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/0z01VewrqoOxe5KtaBYCwQ.
- 16.
Hangzhou Internet Notary Public Office: Support of No More Than One Errand, Notarization of Law-Abiding Judicial Chain, https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/oFGmM25KoQhi1Le4VM09Cg.
- 17.
From EqualOcean Intelligence, 2018 Report on AI-Empowered Legal Services, https://www.iyiou.com/intelligence/report551.html.
- 18.
New Upgrade in Shanghai “Smart Court”, New Litigation Service Robot on Duty, https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1601706234450007195&wfr=spider&for=pc.
- 19.
Four Prospects and Three Challenges in AI Legal Applications, http://www.chinalawlib.org.cn/LunwenShow.aspx?CID=20081224141413590155&AID=20180330171318993289.
- 20.
See Peter Suciu: AI in the Courts: The Jury Is Out, Tech News World, https://www.technewsworld.com/story/86521.html, Last Accessed Times: May, 16, 2020.
- 21.
See Oakiand Circuit Court: eFiling, https://www.oakgov.com/courts/circuit/programs/Pages/eFiling.aspx. Last Accessed Times: May, 15, 2020.
- 22.
See California courts: California Courts Digital Services and Self Help Redesign, https://www.courts.ca.gov/42412.htm, Last Accessed Times: May, 15, 2020.
- 23.
From Sifa Sina, AI: Perspective of Intelligent Mediation Negotiation System, Sina, http://news.sina.com.cn/sf/news/fzrd/2019-08-28/doc-ihytcitn2550925.shtml.
- 24.
From Chen Zhihong, Panarama of Future Courts Unfolding in Malaysia, Tecent, https://new.qq.com/omn/20200424/20200424A0°C8800.html.
- 25.
Notary and blockchain—the perfect combination? https://bitnewstoday.com/news/notary-and-blockchain-the-perfect-combination/.
- 26.
A new stage in the development of the Silent Notary project! https://silentnotary.com/#news.
- 27.
EOS Launched New Notarization Service: Proof of File Existence from Blockchain, https://www.chainnews.com/articles/896645056144.htm.
- 28.
First Blockchain-Exclusive Birth Certificate in Brazil, https://www.qkljw.com/article/5983.html.
- 29.
Brazil’s First Civil Partnership Recorded on Blockchain, https://www.360kuai.com/pc/9e9779408d6ac5d14?cota=3&kuai_so=1&sign=360_57c3bbd1&refer_scene=so_1.
- 30.
Rio court does not recognize blockchain use by notaries, https://bitcoindynamic.com/news/rio-court-does-not-recognize-blockchain-use-by-notaries/.
- 31.
PUBLISH launches blockchain-based content notarization service in beta——TokenPost, https://coinhubnews.com/blockchain/publish-launches-blockchain-based-content-notarization-service-in-beta-tokenpost/.
- 32.
Italy: Blockchain in Diploma Notarization, http://m.xiaobaicj.cn/p32170.html.
- 33.
Clio and ROSS Intelligence Join Forces to Redefine Legal Research, https://blog.rossintelligence.com/post/clio-and-ross-intelligence-join-forces-to-redefine-legal-research.
- 34.
ROSS Intelligence Launches Law School Program, https://blog.rossintelligence.com/post/ross-intelligence-launches-law-school-program.
- 35.
Litera Microsystems Announces Kira Systems as First Content Provider in Litera Connect Program, https://kirasystems.com/blog/litera-announces-kira-connect-program/.
- 36.
Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner Makes Strategic Global Commitment To Embed Kira Within High-Volume Workstream, https://kirasystems.com/blog/bclp-embeds-kira/.
- 37.
ROSS Adds Statutes & Regulations For All 50 States, https://blog.rossintelligence.com/post/ross-adds-statutes-regulations-for-all-50-states.
- 38.
eBrevia Integrates with iManage to Extend Document Management Capabilities for Legal Teams, https://investor.dfinsolutions.com/press-releases/news-details/2019/eBrevia-Integrates-with-iManage-to-Extend-Document-Management-Capabilities-for-Legal-Teams/default.aspx.
- 39.
How Kira Systems is Helping Our Customers Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic, https://kirasystems.com/blog/helping-our-customers-respond-to-the-covid-19-pandemic/.
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Cui, Y. (2022). AI Applications in the Rule of Law. In: Cui, Y. (eds) Blue Book on AI and Rule of Law in the World (2020). Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3586-2_3
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