Abstract
China is acknowledged as a leader in establishing new energy generation capacities. The most rapidly growing renewable energy sectors have been hydropower, wind and solar energy, and biofuels. According to the strategic development objectives set by China’s government, renewable sources’ portion in the energy sector will continue increasing. Russia also enjoys a striking potential in renewables’ development, not only natural resources but also technologies and experience. In the 1930s, the Soviet Union first-ever built wind generators. In the 1960s, it installed the world’s first geothermal power plants. However, the abundant availability of hydrocarbons has predetermined Russia’s energy sector growth on the basis of fossil fuels and coal. Today, alternative sources contribute about 1% of Russia’s energy balance. China is particularly interested in expanding energy generation for domestic needs, which makes cooperation with Russia in the Far East and Siberia attractive for Chinese investors. This chapter aims to investigate the opportunities for converging the experience, technical capabilities, resource potential, and economic resources of the two countries to diversify their energy-related industries away from fossils in favor of renewable energy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aliev R, Avramenko A (2017) Environmental problems of global fuel and energy sector. Moscow MGIMO University, Moscow
Aliev R, Zakharcheva K (2017) Changes in the ratio of generating capacities in different countries: from fossil fuels to alternative energy. Bull Moscow Region State Univ 2:8–17. https://doi.org/10.18384/2310-6646-2017-2-8-17
Avramenko A, Baiguskarova A (2018) Collaboration between China and Russia in the sphere of use of renewable sources of energy. Eurasian Union Sci 49(4):4–6
Avramenko A, Vorfolomeev A (2017) Climate bonds: sectorial and regional analysis. Sci Stud 9(3), 119EVN317
Bahaj A (2011) Generating electricity from the oceans. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15:3399–3416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.04.032
Bansal RC, Zobaa AF, Saket RK (2005) Some issues related to power generation using wind energy conversion systems: an overview. Int J Emerg Electr Power Syst 3(2):1070. https://doi.org/10.2202/1553-779X.1070
BRICS Policy Center (2018) New Development Bank. https://bricspolicycenter.org/en/new-development-bank/. Accessed 17 Oct 2021
Butuzov V (2019) Russian Geothermal Energy: Analysis of Hundred Development of Scientific and Engineering Concepts. Journal of Environmental Earth and Energy Study 3:4–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539089
Dincer I (2000) Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 4(2):157–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-0321(99)00011-8
Dun T, Lukin A (2018) The prospects for Russia-China collaboration in the arctic and the Russian far East Ojkumena. Regional Res 4:158–167. https://doi.org/10.24866/1998-6785/2018-4/158-167
Cooper B (2021) China’s 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) Report. https://www.hkstrategies.com/en/chinas-14th-five-year-plan-2021-2025-report/. Accessed 17 Oct 2021
Ellabban O, Abu-Rub H, Blaabjerg F (2014) Renewable energy resources: current status, future prospects and their enabling technology. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 39:748–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.113
Energy Research Institute (2015) China 2050 high renewable energy penetration scenario and roadmap study. Energy Research Institute, Beijing
Esfahani AN, Moghaddam NB, Maleki A, Nazemi A (2021) The knowledge map of energy security. Energy Rep 7:3570–3589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.06.001
Fang T (2010) Current state of China’s energy policy. Moscow Univ Bull World Polit 4:124–134
Frankfurt School—UNEP Collaborating Centre (2018) Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2018. Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurt School of Finance & Management
Galinis A, Martišauskas L, Jääskeläinen J, Olkkonen V, Syri S, Avgerinopoulos G, Lekavičius V (2020) Implications of carbon price paths on energy security in four Baltic region countries. Energ Strat Rev 30:100509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100509
Gao T, Bobylev N, Gadal S, Lagutina M, Sergunin A, Erokhin V (2021) Planning for sustainability: an emerging blue economy in Russia’s Coastal Arctic? Sustainability 13(9):4957. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094957
Gernaat DEHJ, de Boer HS, Daioglou V, Yalew S, Muller C, van Vuuren D (2021) Climate change impacts on renewable energy supply. Nat Clim Chang 11:119–125. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00949-9
Government of the Russian Federation (2009) Decree #1-p from January 8, 2009, (updated on June 1, 2021) On the approval of the main directions of the state policy in the field of improving the energy efficiency of the energy sector based on the use of renewable energy for the period until 2035. http://government.ru/docs/all/66930/. Accessed 12 Oct 2021
Government of the Russian Federation. (2014). Decree #321 from April 15, 2014, On the approval of the state program of the Russian Federation on energy efficiency and development of the energy sector http://government.ru/docs/all/91334/. Accessed 12 Oct 2021
Government of the Russian Federation (2015) Decree #47 from January 23, 2015, On stimulation of the use of renewable energy in retail electricity markets. http://government.ru/docs/16633/. Accessed 12 Oct 2021
Government of the Russian Federation (2020) Decree #1298 from August 29, 2020, On stimulation of the use of renewable energy, amendments to certain regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation, and the annulment of certain acts of legislation of the Government of the Russian Federation. http://government.ru/docs/all/129622/. Accessed 12 Oct 2021
Hepburn C, O’Callaghan B, Stern N, Stiglitz J, Zenghelis D (2020) Will COVID-19 fiscal recovery packages accelerate or retard progress on climate change? Oxford Rev Econ Policy 36(S1). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/graa015
Hou J, Cao M, Liu P (2018) Development and utilization of geothermal energy in China: current practices and future strategies. Renew Energy 125:401–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.115
Huang H, Yan Z (2009) Present situation and future prospect of hydropower in China. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13(6–7):1652–1656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.08.013
Huang J, Korolev A (2015) International cooperation in the development of Russia’s Far East and Siberia. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137489593
Huang S (2012) Geothermal energy in China. Nat Clim Chang 2:557–560. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1598
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021) Climate change widespread, rapid, and intensifying. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva
Karanina E, Abasheva N (2021) Research of energy security problems of the Russian Federation considered by system-structural analysis. E3S Web of Conferences, 296, 03001. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129603001
Khambalkar VP, Katkhede SS, Dahatonde S, Korpe ND, Nage SM (2010) Renewable energy: an assessment of public awareness. Int J Ambient Energy 31(3):133–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2010.9675112
Khazova V (2019) Prospects for the development of renewable energy in China. Moscow Econ J 7:430–441. https://doi.org/10.24411/2413-046X-2019-17009
Kokorin A (2017) Climate change as basis of the Paris agreement. Energy Policy 3:34–37
Li J, Wan Y, Ohi JM (1997) Renewable energy development in China: resource assessment, technology status, and greenhouse gas mitigation potential. Appl Energy 56(3–4):381–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(97)00018-4
Li Y, Ma C (2020) Development and management of ocean energy in China. IOP Conf Ser Earth and Environ Sci 467:012207. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/467/1/012207
Lin C, Qi J, Liang S, Feng C, Wiedmann T, Liao Y, Yang X, Li Y, Mi Z, Yang Z (2020) Saving less in China facilitates global CO2 mitigation. Nat Commun 11:1358. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15175-2
Liu W, Lund H, Mathiesen BV, Zhang X (2011) Potential of renewable energy systems in China. Appl Energy 88(2):518–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.07.014
Lucas JNV, Francés GE, González ESM (2016) Energy security and renewable energy deployment in the EU: liaisons dangereuses or virtuous circle? Renew Sustain Energy Rev 62:1032–1046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.069
Lundy M (2019) Renewable energy goals in the face of climate change. Berkeley Sci J 23(2):18–21. https://doi.org/10.5070/BS3232045345
Makarov O, Aniskina E (2018) Analysis of the potential of bioenergy production in Russia and the direction of its improvement. Econ Soc 2(5):25–46
Mastepanov A (2019) State policy of China on the development of low-carbon energy. Environ Bull Russia 1:32–37
Mastepanov A (2020) Prospects for the development of renewable energy in China. Energy Policy 146(4):52–67
Muhammed G, Tekbiyik-Ersoy N (2020) Development of renewable energy in China, USA, and Brazil: a comparative study on renewable energy policies. Sustainability 12:9136. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219136
Myllyvirta L (2021) Analysis: China’s CO2 emissions surged 4% in second half of 2020. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-chinas-co2-emissions-surged-4-in-second-half-of-2020. Accessed 14 Oct 2021
Nosko P (2017) The Paris climate agreement as a determinant of the future global economy and its implications for Russia. Bull Finan Univ 1:145–150
New Development Bank (2016) BRICS Bank NDB to sell green renminbi bonds. https://www.ndb.int/media/brics-bank-ndb-sell-green-renminbi-bonds/. Accessed 17 Oct 2021
Obichere JKC, Olubiwe M (2013) Climate change—promoting the use of renewable energy worldwide. Int J Eng Res Technol 11(2):2206–2213
Our World in Data (2021) Charts on renewable energy. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/hydropower-consumption. Accessed 13 Oct 2021
Proskuryakova L, Ermolenko G (2017) Renewable energy 2030: global challenges and long-term trends in innovation development. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow
Quirapas MAJR, Lin H, Abundo MLS, Brahim S, Santos D (2015) Ocean renewable energy in Southeast Asia: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 41:799–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.016
Remizova T (2017) Development of renewable sources of energy in Russia. Natl Interests Prior Secur 13(10):1882–1895. https://doi.org/10.24891/ni.13.10.1882
Tinto R (2020) Our approach to climate change 2020. Rio Tinto plc, London
Ritchie H, Roser M (2020) Renewable energy. https://ourworldindata.org/renewable-energy#renewable-energy-generation. Accessed 12 Oct 2021
Sadiku M, Alam S, Musa S (2019) Green growth. SSRG Int J Econ Manag Stud 6(2):82–84. https://doi.org/10.14445/23939125/IJEMS-V6I2P108
Salygin V, Guliyev I, Ryabova M (2015) Renewable energy in China. MGIMO Rev Int Relation 43(4):36–45. https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-4-43-36-45
Sayigh A (2021) Up-date: renewable energy and climate change. Renew Energy Environ Sustain 6:13. https://doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021004
Sidorovich V (2020) Russia’s renewable energy sector in international comparison: solar and wind energy. New Energy, Moscow
Sims R (2003) Bioenergy to mitigate for climate change and meet the needs of society, the economy and the environment. Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change 8(4):349–370. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000005614.51405.ce
Somani S, Koenig H (2018) Global trends in renewable energy. KMPG, Singapore
State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China (2007) White paper on energy. China’s energy conditions and policies. The State Council of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing
State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China (2012) China’s energy policy 2012. The State Council of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing
State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China (2014) Energy development strategies notice of action plan (2014–2020). http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2014-11/19/content_9222.htm. Accessed 12 Oct 2012
State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China (2020) Energy in China’s new era. The State Council of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing
Stern N, Xie C (2020) China’s 14th five-year plan in the context of COVID-19: rescue, recovery and sustainable growth for China and the World. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, London
Turnbull J, Keller E, Norris M, Wiltshire R (2016) Independent evaluation of point source fossil fuel CO2 emissions to better than 10%. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113(37):10287–10291. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602824113
United Nations (2021a) Goal 7: ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal7. Accessed 12 Oct 2012
United Nations (2021b) Goal 13: take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal13. Accessed 12 Oct 2012
United Nations (2021c) The 17 goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals. Accessed 12 Oct 2012
United Nations Development Programme (2012) Transforming on-grid renewable energy markets. United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2018) UN climate change annual report 2018. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn
Van L (2014) Green growth: the sustainable economic growth model. Sci Technol Dev J 17(3):6–13. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i3.1509
Wang Y (2020) The status and challenges of Sino-Russian far east cooperation. Am Sci J 43:12–15. https://doi.org/10.31618/asj.2707-9864.2020.2.43.56
Winzer C (2012) Conceptualizing energy security. Energy Policy 46:36–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.067
Wu K, Storey I (2007) Energy security in China’s capitalist transition: import dependence, oil diplomacy, and security imperatives. In: McNally C (ed) China’s emergent political economy: capitalism in the Dragon’s Lair. Routledge, New York, NY, pp 190–208. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203940587
Xi J (2017) The governance of China II. Foreign Languages Press, Beijing
Xu J, Assenova A, Erokhin V (2018) Renewable energy and sustainable development in a resource-abundant country: challenges of wind power generation in Kazakhstan. Sustainability 10:3315. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093315
Xu Y, Yang Z, Yuan J (2021) The economics of renewable energy power in China. Clean Technol Environ Policy 23:1341–1351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02031-0
Zakharov V (2016) Analysis of conditions and prospects for development of innovative renewable energy solutions in China. Kreativnaya Ekonomika 10(7):767–778. https://doi.org/10.18334/ce.10.7.35570
Zeng Y, Weishaar S, Vedder H (2018) Electricity regulation in the Chinese National Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS): lessons for carbon leakage and linkage with the EU ETS. Clim Policy 18:1246–1259. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1426553
Zhang P, Yang Y, Shi J, Zheng Y, Wang L, Li X (2009) Opportunities and challenges for renewable energy policy in China. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13(2):439–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.11.005
Zhao X, Wan G (2014) Current situation and prospect of China’s geothermal resources. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 32:651–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.057
Zheng X, Lu Y, Yuan J, Baninla Y, Zhang S, Stenseth N, Hessen D, Tian H, Obersteiner M, Chen D (2020) Drivers of change in China’s energy-related CO2 emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 117(1):29–36. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908513117
Zhu J, Hu K, Lu X, Huang X, Liu K, Wu X (2015) A review of geothermal energy resources, development, and applications in China: current status and prospects. Energy 93(1):466–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.08.098
Acknowledgements
The study is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (project no. 2020YFE0202600) and the Grant of Central Universities of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Erokhin, V., Tianming, G. (2022). Renewable Energy as a Promising Venue for China-Russia Collaboration. In: Khan, S.A.R., Panait, M., Puime Guillen, F., Raimi, L. (eds) Energy Transition. Industrial Ecology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3540-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3540-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-3539-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-3540-4
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)