Abstract
Geotechnical, geological and geophysical investigations for seismic microzonation and site-specific earthquake hazard analysis adopted in Gujarat, western India, are explained. Geology of the area is studied to understand basic earthquake hazards. Seismicity and tectonics are studied up to 50 km distance in detail and 300 km distance in general. To know the nature of soil layers and drainage patterns, a geomorphological map is prepared by remote sensing and ground check. Depth and seismic shear velocity of near-surface soil/rock layers are estimated at 2 km grid by 30–90 m borehole drilling and geophysical methods like MSWA, analysis of seismograms, microearthquake recording and PS-logging. The 2D and 3D soil models are prepared. Deep layers and fault details are estimated by gravity, seismic reflection and magnetotelluric geophysical surveys. The Peak Spectral Acceleration (PSA) is estimated on the grid pattern with a spacing of 0.5 km. The methodology is divided into three parts: (i) Establishment of Engineering Bed Layer (EBL) (a layer above which the soil effect is to be estimated) from borehole data, SPT N-Values and seismic shear velocity of soil layers, (ii) Estimation of strong ground motion at EBL using strong motion simulation technique and (iii) Estimation of surface strong-motion parameters and soil amplification by passing the EBL ground motion through ground model prepared for each borehole. The 1D ground response analysis is conducted through SHAKE program and strong-motion parameters are estimated at surface. The PGA maps and spectral acceleration (Sa) maps for 0.1–1.25 s are prepared. Liquefaction potential is estimated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al, Y. Z., & Luzon, F. (2000). On the horizontal to vertical spectral ratio in sedimentary basins. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90(4), 1101–1106.
Bard, P. Y. (1998). Microtremor measurements: A tool for site effect estimation? In Irikura, K., Okada & Sasatani (Eds.) Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on the effects of surface geology on seismic motion. (pp. 1251–1279). Balkema.
Boore, M. D. (2006). Determining Subsurface Shear-wave velocities: A review. In ESG2006 conference, (p. 103). Grenoble.
Bour, M., Fouissac, D., Dominique, P., & Martin, C. (1989). On the use of microteremor recordings in seismic microzonation. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 17(7–8), 465–474.
Dwivedi, V. K., Dubey, R. K, Vasu, P., Mohan, R. M, Pawan, S., Sairam, B., Chopra, S., & Rastogi, B. K. (2019). Multi criteria study for seismic hazard assessment of UNESCO world heritage Ahmedabad City, Gujarat, Western India. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 1–13.
Hunter, J. A., Benjumea, B., Harris, J. B., Miller, R. D., Pullan, S. E., Burns, R. A., & Good, R. L. (2002). Surface and down hole shear wave seismic methods for thick soil site investigations. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 22(9–12), 931–941.
Japan Road Association (1980, 1992, 2002). Specifications for highway bridges, Part V Earthquake resistant design.
Koller, M. G., Chatelain, J. -L., Guillier, B., Duval, A.-M., Atakan, K., Lacave, C., Bard, P. Y., & The SESAME WP12 Participants (2004) Practical user guidelines and software for the implementation of the H/V ratio technique on ambient vibrations: Measuring conditions, processing method, results and interpretation. Proceedings of the 13th world conference on earthquake engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada, August 1–6, 2004, paper no. 3132.
Midorikawa, S., Matsuoka, M., & Sakugawa, K. (1994). Site effects on strong-motion records observed during the 1987 Chhiba-Ken-Toho-Oki, Japan Earthquake. In Proceedings of the 9th Japan earthquake engineering on symposium (pp. E-085–E-090).
Mohan, K., & Rastogi, B. K. (2011). Seismic response analysis of Dholera SIR and preparation of spectral acceleration maps at various periods. ISR Annual Report, 2010–11, 73–74.
Mohan, K., Rastogi, B. K., Pancholi, V., & Gandhi, D. (2018). Seismic hazard assessment at micro level in Gandhinagar (the capital of Gujarat, India) considering soil effects. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Science Direct, 109, 354–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidyn.2018.03.007.
Motazedian, D., & Atkinson, G. M. (2005). Stochastic finite-fault modelling based on dynamic corner frequency. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95, 995–1010.
Nakamura, Y. (1989). A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface. Quarterly Report of the Railway Technical Research Institute (Tokyo), 30(01).
Rastogi, B. K., Gupta, A., Kumar, P., Sairam, B., & Singh, A. P. (2007). Microzonation of in and around Gujarat. In Proceedings of the workshop on Microzonation held at Indian Institute of Science @internet publishing, Bangalore.
Rastogi, B. K., Singh, A. P., Sairam, B., Jain, S. K., Kaneko, F., Segawa, S., & Matsuo, J. (2011). The possibility of site effects: The Anjar case, following the past earthquakes in Gujarat, India. Seismological Research Letters 82(1): 692–701. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.1.692.
Rodriguez, H. S., & Midorikawa, S. (2003). Comparison of spectral ratio techniques for estimation of site effects using microtremor data and earthquake motions recorded at the surface and boreholes. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 32(11), 1691–1714.
Sairam, B., Rastogi, B. K., Sandeep, A., Mukesh, C., & Uday, B. (2011). Seismic site characterization using Vs30 and site amplification in Gandhinagar region, Guajarat, India. Current Science, 100, 754–761.
Sairam, B., Singh, A. P., Patel, V., Pancholi, V., Chopra, S., Dwivedi, V. K., & Ravi Kumar, M. (2018). Influence of local site effects in the Ahmedabad mega City on the damage due to past earthquakes in north-western India. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 108(4), 2170–2182.
Sairam, B., Singh, A. P., Patel, V., Chopra, S., & Kumar, M. R. (2019). VS30 mapping and site characterization in the seismically active intraplate region of Western India: Implications for risk mitigation. Near Surface Geophysics, 17(5), 533–546.
Seed, H. B., & Idriss, I. M. (1971). Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential. J SMFD, ASCE, 97(9), 1249–1273.
Singh, A. P., & Navaneeth, A. (2013). Vs estimation by micro-tremor method. ISR Annual Report, 2012–13, 135–139.
Thokchom, S., Rastogi, B. K., Dogra, N. N., Pancholi, V., Sairam, B., Bhattacharya, F., & Patel, V. (2017a). Empirical correlation of SPT blow count vs Shear wave velocity for different soils in Dholera. NHAZ, 86(3), 1291–1306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2744-3.
Thokchom, S., Rastogi, B. K., Dogra, N. N., & Vasu, P. (2017b) Geotechnical investigation in southern part of Ahmedabad district, Gujarat. Journal of Indian Geophysical Union, 21(2), 105–115.
Thokchom, S., Rastogi, B. K., Dogra, N. N., & Vasu, P. (2018). Liquefaction potential mapping of Dholera region. Gujarat, Natural Hazards,. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3214-2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rastogi, B.K., Mohan, K., Sairam, B., Singh, A.P., Pancholi, V. (2023). Geotechnical, Geological and Geophysical Investigations for Seismic Microzonation and Site-Specific Earthquake Hazard Analysis in Gujarat. In: Sitharam, T.G., Jakka, R.S., Kolathayar, S. (eds) Advances in Earthquake Geotechnics. Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3330-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3330-1_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-3329-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-3330-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)