Abstract
The ankle and shoulder are major joints that are responsible for the active movements of the body; thus, various orthopedic disorders occur in association with overuse, strain, trauma, etc. Unlike the knee or hip, degenerative arthritis infrequently involves the ankle and shoulder, and other pathological conditions such as dislocation or trauma to these joints can cause serious disabilities and discomfort in daily activities. Plain radiography, CT, and MRI are the main diagnostic tools for musculoskeletal disorders, since they could provide clues to understand the pathophysiology by means of excellent anatomical information. Bone scintigraphy is a highly sensitive diagnostic tool for evaluating blood flow and bone remodeling activity. Bone SPECT/CT has recently gained attention as a helpful modality for understanding orthopedic disorders by combining functional information and precise anatomical localization. Among various pathological disorders of the two joints, only a few clinically significant diseases of the ankle and shoulder are briefly introduced, including the foot.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
JG P. The epidemiology of osteoarthritis. In: Moskowitz RW, Howell DS, Goldberg VM, Mankin HJ, editors. Osteoarthritis. Diagnosis and treatment. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1984. p. 9–27.
Barg A, Pagenstert GI, Hugle T, et al. Ankle osteoarthritis: etiology, diagnostics, and classification. Foot Ankle Clin. 2013;18:411–26.
Bonnel F, Toullec E, Mabit C, Tourne Y, Sofcot. Chronic ankle instability: biomechanics and pathomechanics of ligaments injury and associated lesions. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2010;96:424–32.
Kraus VB, Kilfoil TM, Hash TW 2nd, et al. Atlas of radiographic features of osteoarthritis of the ankle and hindfoot. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2015;23:2059–85.
Posadzy M, Desimpel J, Vanhoenacker F. Staging of osteochondral lesions of the talus: MRI and cone beam CT. J Belg Soc Radiol. 2017;101:1.
Verhagen RA, Maas M, Dijkgraaf MG, Tol JL, Krips R, van Dijk CN. Prospective study on diagnostic strategies in osteochondral lesions of the talus. Is MRI superior to helical CT? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87:41–6.
Vaseenon T, Amendola A. Update on anterior ankle impingement. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2012;5:145–50.
Lavezry KP, McHale KJ, Rossy WH, Theodore G. Ankle impingement. J Orthop Surg Res. 2016;11:97.
Goff JD, Crawford R. Diagnosis and treatment of plantar fasciitis. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84:676–82.
Lawson JP. International skeletal society lecture in honor of Howard D. Dorfman. Clinically significant radiologic anatomic variants of the skeleton. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163:249–55.
Choi YS, Lee KT, Kang HS, Kim EK. MR imaging findings of painful type II accessory navicular bone: correlation with surgical and pathologic studies. Korean J Radiol. 2004;5:274–9.
Woodward S, Jacobson JA, Femino JE, Morag Y, Fessell DP, Dong Q. Sonographic evaluation of Lisfranc ligament injuries. J Ultrasound Med. 2009;28:351–7.
Griffith JF, Antonio GE, Yung PS, et al. Prevalence, pattern, and spectrum of glenoid bone loss in anterior shoulder dislocation: CT analysis of 218 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190:1247–54.
Sambandam SN, Khanna V, Gul A, Mounasamy V. Rotator cuff tears: an evidence based approach. World J Orthop. 2015;6:902–18.
Okoroha KR, Fidai MS, Tramer JS, Davis KD, Kolowich PA. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for rotator cuff tears. Ultrasonography. 2019;38:215–20.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Oh, S.W., Chai, J.W. (2022). Ankle and Shoulder. In: Yang, SO., Oh, S.W., Choi, Y.Y., Ryu, JS. (eds) Atlas of Nuclear Medicine in Musculoskeletal System. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2677-8_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2677-8_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-2676-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-2677-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)