Skip to main content

Deep Learning Empowered Fight Against COVID-19: A Survey

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Next Generation Healthcare Informatics

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 1039))

Abstract

In recent times, COVID-19 disease has created panic around the world. In the current situation, the early detection of COVID-19 disease saves several lives. This virus impacts a person’s respiratory system and creates patchy white shadows in the lungs. The most effective artificial intelligence techniques for analyzing chest X-ray images for efficient and reliable COVID-19 screening are deep learning/machine learning. In this study, we cover the essential deep learning empowered approaches involved in COVID-19 supplements.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., et al. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 382, 727–733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. WHO. (2020). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. Accessed on May 24, 2020.

  3. Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., & Agha, R. (2020). World health organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang, Z., Shen, Y., Wang, H., Zhao, L., & Hu, D. (2020). High-resolution computed tomographic imaging disclosing COVID-19 pneumonia: A powerful tool in diagnosis. The Journal of Infection.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Zowalaty, M. E., & Järhalt, J. D. (2020). From SARS to COVID-19: A previously unknown SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of pandemic potential infecting humans–call for a one health approach. One Health, 9(100124), 10–1016.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bullock, J., Pham, K. H., Lam, C. S. N., & Luengo-Oroz, M. (2020). Mapping the landscape of artificial intelligence applications against COVID-19. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.11336

  7. Ozturk, S., Ozkaya, U., & Barstugan, M. (2020). Classification of coronavirus images using Shrunken features. medRxiv.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Khalifa, N. E. M., Smarandache, F., & Loey, M. (2020). A study of the neutrosophic set significance on deep transfer learning models: An experimental case on a limited COVID-19 chest X-ray dataset.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Siddique Latif, M. U., Manzoor, S., Iqbal, W., Qadir, J., Tyson, G., Castro, I., Razi, A., Boulos, M. N. K., Weller, A., & Crowcrroft, J. (2020). Leveraging data science to combat covid-19: A comprehensive review.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lei, P., Fan, B., Mao, J., Wei, J., & Wang, P. (2020). The progression of computed tomographic (CT) images in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. The Journal of Infection.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Nguyen, D., Ding, M., Pathirana, P. N., & Seneviratne, A. (2020). Blockchain and AI-based solutions to combat coronavirus (COVID-19)-like epidemics: A survey.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ozturk, T., Talo, M., Yildirim, E. A., Baloglu, U. B., Yildirim, O., & Acharya, U. R. (2020). Automated detection of COVID-19 cases using deep neural networks with X-ray images. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 103792.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Boulos, M. N. K., & Geraghty, E. M. (2020). Geographical tracking and mapping of coronavirus disease COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic and associated events around the world: How 21st century GIS technologies are supporting the global fight against outbreaks and epidemics.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Loey, M., Smarandache, F., & Khalifa, N. E. M. (2020). Within the lack of chest COVID-19 X-ray dataset: A novel detection model based on GAN and deep transfer learning. Symmetry, 12(4), 651.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Elavarasan, R. M., & Pugazhendhi, R. (2020). Restructured society and environment: A review on potential technological strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Science of the Total Environment, 138858.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Shi, F., Wang, J., Shi, J., Wu, Z., Wang, Q., Tang, Z., He, K., Shi, Y. & Shen, D. (2020). Review of artificial intelligence techniques in imaging data acquisition, segmentation and diagnosis for covid-19. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Javaheri, T., Homayounfar, M., Amoozgar, Z., Reiazi, R., Homayounieh, F., Abbas, E., Reiazi, R., Homayounieh, F., Abbas, E., Laali, A, Radmard, A. R., Gharib, M. H., Mousavi, S. A. J., Ghaemi, O., Babaei, R., Mobin, H. K., Hosseinzadeh, M., Jahanban-Esfahlan, R., Seidi, K., Kalra, M. K., Zhang, Z., Chitkushev, L. T. Haibe-Kains, B., Malekzadeh, R., Rawassizadeh, R, & Ghaemi, O. (2020). CovidCTNet: An open-source deep learning approach to identify Covid-19 using CT image. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.03059

  18. Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Yang, Z., Xia, D., & Geng, S. (2020). Clinical characteristics of patients with severe pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. MedRxiv.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Fleming, J., Yu, Y., Gu, Y., & Liu, C. (2020). Active or latent tuberculosis increases susceptibility to COVID-19 and disease severity. Medrxiv preprint.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dahab, M., van Zandvoort, K., Flasche, S., Warsame, A., Spiegel, P. B., Waldman, R. J., & Checchi, F. (2020). COVID-19 control in low-income settings and displaced populations: What can realistically be done. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Favas, C., Abdelmagid, N., Checchi, F., Garry, S., Jarrett, P., Ratnayake, R., & Warsame, A. (2020). Guidance for the prevention of COVID-19 infections among high-risk individuals in camps and camp-like settings.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Chowdhary, C. L. (2019). 3D object recognition system based on local shape descriptors and depth data analysis. Recent Patents on Computer Science, 12(1), 18–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Chen, L., Deng, C., Chen, X., Zhang, X., Chen, B., Yu, H., Qin, Y., Xiao, K., Zhang, H., & Sun, X. (2020). Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of 534 cases of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study. MedRxiv.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zhao, X., Zhang, B., Li, P., Ma, C., Gu, J., Hou, P., Guo, Z., Wu, H., & Bai, Y. (2020). Incidence, clinical characteristics and prognostic factor of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MedRxiv.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Chowdhary, C. L. (2016). A review of feature extraction application areas in medical imaging. International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 8, 4501–4509.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang, F., Yang, D., Li, J., Gao, P., Chen, T., Cheng, Z., Cheng, K., Fang, Q., Pan, W., Yi, C., Fan, H., Wu, Y., Li, L., Fang, Y., Liu, J., Tian, G., & He, L. (2020). Myocardial injury is associated with in-hospital mortality of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A single center retrospective cohort study. MedRxiv.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kumar, V., Alshazly, H., Idris, S. A., & Bourouis, S. (2021). Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 on society, environment, economy, and education. Sustainability, 13(24), 13642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Singh, D., Kumar, V., Kaur, M., Jabarulla, M. Y., & Lee, H. N. (2021). Screening of COVID-19 suspected subjects using multi-crossover genetic algorithm based dense convolutional neural network. IEEE Access, 9, 142566–142580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hu, L., Chen, S., Fu, Y., Gao, Z., Long, H., Ren, H., Zuo, Y., Li, H., Wang, J., Xu, Q., Yu, W., Liu, J., Shao, C., Hao, J., Wang, C., Ma, Y., Wang, Z., Yanagihara, R., Wang, J., & Deng, Y. (2020). Risk factors associated with clinical outcomes in 323 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. Medrxiv.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Alqahtani, J. S., Oyelade, T., Aldhahir, A. M., Alghamdi, S. M., Almehmadi, M., Alqahtani, A. S., Quaderi, S., Mandal, S., & Hurst, J. R. (2020). Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 15(5), e0233147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chowdhary, C. L., & Acharjya, D. P. (2020). Segmentation and feature extraction in medical imaging: A systematic review. Procedia Computer Science, 167, 26–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Liu, J., Liu, Y., Xiang, P., Pu, L., Xiong, H., Li, C., Zhang, M., Tan, J., Xu, Y., Song, R., Song, M., Wang, L., Zhang, W., Han, B., Yang, L., Wang, X., Zhou, G., Zhang, T., Li, B., Wang, Y., Chen, Z., & Wang, X. (2009). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts severe illness patients with 2019 novel coronavirus in the early stage. MedRxiv.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hill, K. J., Russell, C. D., Clifford, S., Templeton, K., Mackintosh, C. L., Koch, O., & Sutherland, R. K. (2020). The index case of SARS-CoV-2 in Scotland: A case report. Journal of Infection.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Zhou, B., She, J., Wang, Y., & Ma, X. (2020). The clinical characteristics of myocardial injury in severe and very severe patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease. The Journal of Infection.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bai, Y., Yao, L., Wei, T., Tian, F., Jin, D. Y., Chen, L., & Wang, M. (2020). Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA, 323(14), 1406–1407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Li, L., Qin, L., Xu, Z., Yin, Y., Wang, X., Kong, B., Bai, J., Lu, Y., Fang, Z., Song, Q., Cao, K., Liu, D., Wang, G., Xu, Q., Fang, X., Zhang, S., Xia, J., & Xi, J. (2020). Artificial intelligence distinguishes COVID-19 from community acquired pneumonia on chest CT. Radiology, 200905.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Zhao, M., Tang, B., Deng, L., & Pecht, M. (2020). Multiple wavelet regularized deep residual networks for fault diagnosis. Measurement, 152, 107331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Butt, C., Gill, J., Chun, D., & Babu, B. A. (2020). Deep learning system to screen coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia. Applied Intelligence, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kanne, J. P. (2020). Chest CT findings in 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections from Wuhan, China: key points for the radiologist. Radiology, 200241.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Chung, M., Bernheim, A., Mei, X., Zhang, N., Huang, M., Zeng, X., Cui, J., et al. CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Radiology, 295(1), 202–207.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506.

    Google Scholar 

  42. To, K. K., Tsang, O. T., Chik-Yan Yip, C., Chan, K. H., Wu, T. C., Chan, J. M. C., Leung, W. S., Chik, T. S., Choi, C. Y., Kandamby, D. H., Lung, D. C., Tam, A. R., Poon, R. W., Fung, A. Y., Hung, I. F., Cheng, V. C., Chan, J. F., & Yuen, K. Y. (2020) Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clinical Infectious Diseases.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Malik, Y. S., Kumar, N., Sircar, S., Kaushik, R., Bhatt, S., Dhama, K., Gupta, P., Goyal, K., Singh, M. P., Ghoshal, U., Zowalaty, M. E. M. E., Vinodh Kumar O. R., Yatoom, M. I., Tiwari, M., Pathak, M., Patel, S. K., Sah, R., Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Ganesh, B., Kumar, P., & Singh, R. K. (2020). Pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Challenges and a global perspective.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Guo, Y. R., Cao, Q. D., Hong, Z. S., Tan, Y. Y., Chen, S. D., Jin, H. J., Tan, K. S., Wang, D. Y., & Yan, Y. (2020). The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak—An update on the status. Military Medical Research, 7(1), 11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Das, T. K., & Chowdhary, C. (2017). Implementation of morphological image processing algorithm using mammograms. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10(1), 439–441.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hesamian, M. H., Jia, W., He, X., & Kennedy, P. (2019). Deep learning techniques for medical image segmentation: Achievements and challenges. Journal of Digital Imaging, 32(4), 582–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Reddy, G. T., Bhattacharya, S., Ramakrishnan, S. S., Chowdhary, C. L., Hakak, S., Kaluri, R., & Reddy, M. P. K. (2020). An ensemble based machine learning model for diabetic retinopathy classification. In 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Cao, X. (2020). COVID-19: Immunopathology and its implications for therapy. Nature Reviews Immunology.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Tay, J. K., Khoo, M. L. C., & Loh, W. S. (2020). Surgical considerations for tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Beck, B. R., Shin, B., Choi, Y., Park, S., & Kang, K. (2020). Predicting commercially available antiviral drugs that may act on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) through a drug-target interaction deep learning model. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Guo, D. (2020). Old weapon for new enemy: Drug repurposing for treatment of newly emerging viral diseases. Virologica Sinica.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Mifsud, E. J., Hayden, F. G., & Hurt, A. C. (2019). Antivirals targeting the polymerase complex of influenza viruses. Antiviral Research, 169, 104545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Wang, C., Li, W., Drabek, D., Okba, N. M. A., van Haperen, R., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., van Kuppeveld, F. J. M., Haagmans, B. L., Grosveld, F., & Bosch, B.-J., A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection. bioRxiv 2020, 2020.03.11.987958.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Sheahan, T. P., Sims, A. C., Leist, S. R., Schafer, A., Won, J., Brown, A. J., Montgomery, S. A., Hogg, A., Babusis, D., Clarke, M. O., Spahn, J. E., Bauer, L., Sellers, S., Porter, D., Feng, J. Y., Cihlar, T., Jordan, R., Denison, M. R., & Baric, R. S. (2020). Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nature Communications, 11(1), 222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., Liu, W., Wang, J., Fan, G., Ruan, L., Song, B., Cai, Y., Wei, M., Li, X., Xia, J., Chen, N., Xiang, J., Yu, T., Bai, T., Xie, X., Zhang, L., Li, C., Yuan, Y., et al. (2020). Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19. The New England Journal of Medicine.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Gautret, P., Lagier, J. C., Parola, P., Hoang, V. T., Meddeb, L., Mailhe, M., Doudier, B., Courjon, J., Giordanengo, V., Vieira, V. E., Dupont, H. T., Honore, S., Colson, P., Chabriere, E., La Scola, B., Rolain, J. M., Brouqui, P., & Raoult, D. (2020). Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Age, 105949.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Das, T. K., Chowdhary, C. L., & Gao, X. Z. (2020). Chest X-ray investigation: A convolutional neural network approach. Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, 45, 57–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Chen, L., Xiong, J., Bao, L., & Shi, Y. (2020). Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(4), 398–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Rubbert-Roth, A., Furst, D. E., Nebesky, J. M., Jin, A., & Berber, E. (2018). A review of recent advances using tocilizumab in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology and Therapy, 5(1), 21–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Minaee, S., Kafieh, R., Sonka, M., Yazdani, S., & Soufi, G. J. (2020). Deep-covid: Predicting covid-19 from chest X-ray images using deep transfer learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.09363

  61. Loey, M., Smarandache, F., & Khalifa, N. E. M. (2020). A deep transfer learning model with classical data augmentation and CGAN to detect covid-19 from chest CT radiography digital images.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Grasselli, G., Pesenti, A., & Cecconi, M. (2020). Critical care utilization for the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early experience and forecast during an emergency response. JAMA, 323(16), 1545–1546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Chesbrough, H. (2020). To recover faster from Covid-19, open up: Managerial implications from an open innovation perspective. Industrial Marketing Management.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Chowdhary, C. L., Das, T. K., Gurani, V., & Ranjan, A. (2018). An improved tumour identification with gabor wavelet segmentation. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 11(8), 3451–3456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Debnath, R., & Bardhan, R. (2020). India nudges to contain COVID-19 pandemic: A reactive public policy analysis using machine-learning based topic modelling. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.06619

  66. Liu, T., Liao, Q., Gan, L., Ma, F., Cheng, J., Xie, X., Wang, Z., et al. (2020). Hercules: An autonomous logistic vehicle for contact-less goods transportation during the COVID-19 outbreak. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.07480

  67. https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/covid-19-mumbai-police-ensures-surveillance-through-drones/74830706

  68. Tavakoli, M., Carriere, J., & Torabi, A. (2020). Robotics, smart wearable technologies, and autonomous intelligent systems for healthcare during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An analysis of the state of the art and future vision. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2000071.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Zaman, A., Islam, M. N., Zaki, T., & Hossain, M. S. (2020). ICT intervention in the containment of the pandemic spread of COVID-19: An exploratory study. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.09888

  70. Vermue, H., Lambrechts, J., Tampere, T., Arnout, N., Auvinet, E., & Victor, J. (2020). How should we evaluate robotics in the operating theatre? A systematic review of the learning curve of robot-assisted knee arthroplasty. The Bone and Joint Journal, 102(4), 407–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Neri, E., Miele, V., Coppola, F., & Grassi, R. (2020). Use of CT and artificial intelligence in suspected or COVID-19 positive patients: Statement of the Italian society of medical and interventional radiology. La Radiologia Medica, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Zeng, Z., Wang, B., & Zhao, Z. (2020). Research on CNN-based models optimized by genetic algorithm and application in the diagnosis of pneumonia and COVID-19. medRxiv.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Islam, M. M., Hannan, T., Sarker, L., & Ahmed, Z. (2020). COVID-DenseNet: A deep learning architecture to detect COVID-19 from chest radiology images.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Mottrie, A. (2020). ERUS (EAU Robotic Urology Section) guidelines during COVID-19 emergency. European Association of Urology, 25.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Shaw, R., Kim, Y. K., & Hua, J. (2020). Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia. Progress in Disaster Science, 100090.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Bhattacharya, S., Reddy, M. P. R., Pham, Q. V., Reddy, G. T., Krishnan, S. S. R., Chowdhary, C. L., Alazab, M., & Piran, M. J. (2020). Deep learning and medical image processing for coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: A survey. Sustainable Cities and Society.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chiranji Lal Chowdhary .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chowdhary, C., Channi, H. (2022). Deep Learning Empowered Fight Against COVID-19: A Survey. In: Tripathy, B.K., Lingras, P., Kar, A.K., Chowdhary, C.L. (eds) Next Generation Healthcare Informatics. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 1039. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2416-3_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics