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Emerging Technological Applications of Additive Manufacturing

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Additive Manufacturing for Chemical Sciences and Engineering

Abstract

Once considered to be a field specific to mechanical sciences, additive manufacturing has now proliferated into all streams of science and swiftly becoming a true global phenomenon. Moving well beyond printing of customized prototypes and trinkets, many enterprises now manufacture using 3D printing at moderate to large scale. Massive improvements in precision, quality and reliability of additive manufacturing have triggered rapid uptake of this technology in the research and development sector especially in fields such as chemical engineering, electronic engineering, materials engineering, biochemistry, optics, analytical sciences, industrial chemistry, and environmental sciences. This chapter highlights some interesting applications of additive manufacturing in chemical processes such as catalysis, separation, and high throughout experimentation, sensing devices such as microfluidics, electrochemical, optical, optoelectronic, and electrical sensors, and energy systems such as batteries and capacitors. The advantages of AM porous catalysts and adsorbents materialize from their high catalytic and separation efficiencies, hierarchical porosity, suitable flow properties, superior mass and energy transfer, novel composite formulations, enhanced product selectivity and high throughput processing of reactants. On the other hand, additively manufactured sensor and energy systems gain the benefits of high performance, better cycling performance (charging/discharging), multifunctionality, geometric shape complexity, customized design, shaping of amorphous materials, better integration of device components and in three dimensions, portability, device flexibility, self-powering capability, and automatic operation. In all such applications the chemical reactivity of the 3D printed construct governs its primary functionality in addition to the shape derived basic function. Clearly this is an ascension from the simple use of printed constructs as 3D objects of complex shapes and geometry. Starting with a brief discussion on the rise of additive manufacturing in chemical sciences, this chapter mainly focusses on the applications of additive manufacturing while building on the knowledge gained in the previous chapters. The applications have been classified as surface sensitive chemical processes which are confined to the first few hundred microns of the surface of a 3D printed construct, bulk sensitive chemical processes which depend on the bulk properties of 3D constructs and high throughput experimentation applications. A summary and outlook section conclude the chapter with a perspective and viewpoint on the future frontiers for additive manufacturing in chemical processes and a knowledge test has been provided for the young learners in the last section.

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Abbreviations

3D:

Three-dimensional

4D:

Four-dimensional

AAO:

Andic Aluminium Oxide

ABS:

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

AJP:

Aerosol Jet Printing

AM:

Additive Manufacturing

APTES:

(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane

As:

Arsenic

ATP:

Adenosine Triphosphate

ATM:

Ammonium Thiomolybdate

Au:

Gold

BHA:

Bariumhexaaluminate

BL:

Bioluminescence

BMIM+BF4:

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate

BST:

Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3

BTC:

Benzene Tricarboxylic Acid

CAD:

Computer-Aided Design

CMOS:

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

CNT:

Carbon Nano Tubes

CV:

Cyclic Voltammetry

DIW:

Direct Ink Writing

DLP SLA:

Dynamic Laser Projection Stereolithography

DMSO:

Dimethylsulfoxide

DME:

Dimethylether

EES:

Electrical Energy Storage

EPAM:

Electric polling assisted Additive Manufacturing

FDM:

Fused Deposition Modelling

Ga:

Gallium

GNS-GO:

Graphene Nanosheets-Graphene Oxide

HTE:

High Throughput Equipment

HER:

Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

IC:

Integrated Circuit

ICPMS:

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

IJP:

Ink Jet Printing

In:

Indium

ITO/PEDOT:PSS:

Indium tin Oxide/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) blend

LTPMS:

Low Temperature Plasma-based Mass Spectrometry

LIFT:

Laser Induced Forward Transfer

LTO:

Li4Ti5O12

LFP:

LiFePO4

LAGP:

Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5P3O12

LCD:

Liquid Crystal display

Li:

Lithium

MAPLE DW:

Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation Direct Write

MEH-PPV:

Poly 2-methoxy, 5-(2ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene

MEMS:

Microelectromechanical Systems

MOF:

Metal Organic Framework

MSI:

Mass Spectrometry Imaging

MTO:

Methanol to Olefins

NAND:

NOT-AND

NMP:

N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone

OER:

Oxygen Evolution Reaction

PCL:

Poly-ε-caprolactone

Pd:

Palladium

PDMS:

Polydimethoxysilane

PE:

Piezoelectric

PEC:

Photo-electro Catalytic

PEDOT:

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene)

PEI:

Polyethylenimine

PEGDA:

Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate

PLA:

Polylactic Acid

PP:

Polypropylene

Pt:

Platinum

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene Fluoride

P(VDF-TrFE):

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethlene)

QD-LED:

Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode

RFID:

Radio Frequency Identification

rGO:

Reduced Graphene Oxide

Sb:

Antimony

SEIRA:

Surface-enhanced Infra-red Absorption

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

SERRS:

Surface-enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering

SERS:

Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering

SiC:

Silicon Carbide

SLA:

Stereolithography

TE:

Thermoelectric

TFT:

Thin Film Transistors

TPCFL:

Two Photon Continuous Flow Lithography

TPL:

Two-photon Lithography

TRGO:

Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide

UHF:

Ultra-High Frequency

UTAM:

Ultra-thin Alumina Membranes

WHSV:

Weight Hourly Space Velocity

YIG:

Yttrium Iron Garnet

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  1. Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Sunil Mehla, PR. Selvakannan & Suresh K. Bhargava

  2. Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Maciej Mazur

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  1. Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Suresh K. Bhargava

  2. Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Seeram Ramakrishna

  3. Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Milan Brandt

  4. Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    PR. Selvakannan

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Mehla, S., Selvakannan, P., Mazur, M., Bhargava, S.K. (2022). Emerging Technological Applications of Additive Manufacturing. In: Bhargava, S.K., Ramakrishna, S., Brandt, M., Selvakannan, P. (eds) Additive Manufacturing for Chemical Sciences and Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2293-0_7

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