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A Third Century AD Extreme Wave Event Identified in a Collapse Facies of a Public Building in the Roman City of Hispalis (Seville, Spain)

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Historical Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Archaeology in the Iberian Peninsula

Abstract

The southwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula has been considered a low-probability tsunamigenic area. However, both onshore and offshore studies have characterized the occurrence of several extreme wave events (tsunamis and storm surges) in the Gulf of Cadiz during the Holocene. Among all the events reported in literature, in recent years the third century AD EWE events are being progressively gaining importance. Sedimentary records of these events are now more evident than previously stated and can be traced in a large regional scale. Some authors have proposed that such events would explain certain abandonment facies in coastal archaeological settlements in the area. In this context, we present a high-energy deposit identified in the suburbs of the Roman city of Hispalis (Seville), in a third century AD context of traumatic collapse of a Roman public building. This paper aims to present the sedimentary structures, bedforms, and features of this deposit in its archaeological context, exploring its possible origin in a combined action of an extreme wave event and fluvial flooding. Also, a critical review of the literature about the third century AD event(s) is done.

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Acknowledgements

Authors wish to acknowledge the financial support provided by institutions involved in this research. The archaeological investigations carried out in the Patio de Banderas from 2009 to 2014 are included within the framework of the General Research Project “Archaeological Analysis of the Alcázar de Seville II”, directed by M.A.T.R., approved by the Dirección General de Bienes Culturales of the Junta de Andalucía and financed by the Patronato del Real Alcázar de Seville. “Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Patrimonio” of University of Jaén supported the project “Gea versus Chronos, Geoarchaeological Research in Roman Contexts of Andalusia,” origin of this paper. University of Granada provided a postdoctoral grant to M.G.-R. in the School of Archaeology and Ancient History of University of Leicester (Programa 8. Perfeccionamiento de Doctores, Plan Propio del Vicerrectorado de Investigación). M.G.-R. thanks the support and funding received from the Juan de la Cierva-Formación Subprogramme (FJC2019-041335-I) funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033) and by the European Union (NextGenerationEU/PRTR). J.N.P.-A, A.R.R. and E.M.A. thank the Research Groups RNM-190 and RNM-276 (Junta de Andalucía) and Climate Research Group (CEREGE). Authors wish to acknowledge Antonio Pamies Bertrán and Charles Bashore for revising the text, the authors mentioned in the figure captions who kindly permitted the reproduction of their figures, as well as the reviewers and editors for their constructive comments.

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Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, M. et al. (2022). A Third Century AD Extreme Wave Event Identified in a Collapse Facies of a Public Building in the Roman City of Hispalis (Seville, Spain). In: Álvarez-Martí-Aguilar, M., Machuca Prieto, F. (eds) Historical Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Archaeology in the Iberian Peninsula. Natural Science in Archaeology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1979-4_12

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