Abstract
With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, facemasks have become an integral part of our daily life irrespective of which nation we live in. The use of facemask is proportionally linked with a country’s population especially in highly populated countries like India. Without stringent guidelines and proper disposal schemes, dumping of facemasks in water bodies has further aggravated plastic-based water pollution hazards in Indian riverine and marine systems. The disposal of facemasks in water bodies also increases the chance of virus spread through water bodies, leading to biological and health disasters. The current review addresses the issues associated with the pollution caused by the facemask in Indian water systems and finds a set of solutions to mitigate its adverse effect. The chapter intends to review the guidelines recommended by different governmental and international agencies like the WHO, CDC, ICMR, and CPCB to mitigate the biohazard potential associated with facemasks. The chapter sheds light on the elemental composition of pristine facemasks and also discusses the health and environmental implications of those contaminants when released in an aquatic medium. The chapter also suggests ways to mitigate the aforementioned damage, caused by careless disposal of facemasks in the Indian riverine systems.
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Abbreviations
- ACE2 :
-
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- AMR :
-
Antimicrobial resistance
- ASTM :
-
American society for testing and materials
- BMW :
-
Biomedical waste
- CBWTF :
-
Common biomedical waste treatment disposal facilities
- CDC :
-
Centres of disease control and prevention
- COVID :
-
Corona virus disease
- CPCB :
-
Central pollution control board
- DDT :
-
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
- DNA :
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- FDA :
-
Food and drug agency
- FTIR :
-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- HGT :
-
Horizontal gene transfer
- HICC :
-
Hospital infection control committee
- ICMR :
-
Indian council of medical research
- IPC :
-
Infection prevention and control
- LDPE :
-
Low-density polyethylene
- MERS :
-
Middle east respiratory syndrome
- MIC :
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- MoHFW :
-
Ministry of health and family welfare
- MPs :
-
Microplastics
- NCDC :
-
National centre for disease control
- NGO :
-
Non-governmental organization
- NHS :
-
National health service
- NIOSH :
-
National institute for occupational safety and health
- PAH :
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PCB :
-
Polychlorinated biphenyl
- PE :
-
Polyethylene
- PET :
-
Polyethylene terephthalate
- POP :
-
Persistent organic pollutants
- PP :
-
Polypropylene
- PPE :
-
Personal protective equipment
- PS :
-
Polystyrene
- PVC :
-
Polyvinyl chloride
- RBD :
-
Receptor-binding domain
- SARS :
-
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
- UV :
-
Ultraviolet
- WHO :
-
World health organization
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Aditya, M.N., Aishwarya, S., Sharma, M., Sivagami, K., Karthika, S., Chakraborty, S. (2022). Water Pollution Hazards of Single-Use Face Mask in Indian Riverine and Marine System. In: Kumar, M., Mohapatra, S. (eds) Impact of COVID-19 on Emerging Contaminants. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1847-6_8
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