Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are ubiquitous with concentrations from ng/L to µg/L in the aquatic environment posing a potential threat to ecosystem and the human life across the globe. The discharge of untreated and semi-treated sewage from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the main point source of these compounds which continuously flow into the aquatic system. PPCPs are the prime group of emerging pollutants (ECs). The literature indicates increasing contaminant load by ECs which leads to an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in microorganisms and humans due to horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Recent risk assessment studies have successfully overcome limitations such as including the chronic effect of a single compound, but have failed to include studies on the mixture of compounds. Biological remediation is a cost-effective approach with the effective degradation of PPCPs depending on their complexity. Furthermore, the influence of ARGs on the microbial cultures is lacking. The present study will give a comprehensive understanding of the source and fate of different groups of PPCPs in the aquatic environment. The details in the book chapter will help assess, compare, and identify gaps in risk assessment and treatment strategies for these emerging pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem.
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The authors would like to thank Director, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur (India), for the support and providing the facilities.
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Puri, M., Gandhi, K., Kumar, M.S. (2022). Distribution of Emerging Contaminants, and Antimicrobial Resistance: Occurrence, Toxicity, Risk Assessment, and Removal. In: Kumar, M., Mohapatra, S. (eds) Impact of COVID-19 on Emerging Contaminants. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1847-6_3
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