Skip to main content

Comparing Approaches Towards Global Zero in the Modern Period

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Russian–American Nuclear Nonproliferation Dialogue
  • 193 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter provides a review of the most fruitful periods of U.S.–Soviet/Russian cooperation in the area of nuclear disarmament. The 2000 NPT Review Conference allowed the adoption of the 13 practical steps towards nuclear disarmament. What the author calls the ‘Prague Speech’ period (2009–2016) was characterized by the leaders’ abolitionist agenda, as well as by important compromises between Russia and the United States. The current period is marked by a return of great power competition, causing substantial damage to U.S.–Russia disarmament dialogue. Vladislav Chernavskikh concludes that arms control depends on both strategic and political factors, relies on direct U.S.–Russia engagement, and requires flexibility in negotiations, as well as good personal relationships.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Leigh‐Phippard, H. (1997) ‘Multilateral Diplomacy at the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference,’ Diplomacy and Statecraft, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 167–190, available at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09592299708406048 (21 May 2021).

  2. 2.

    Ibid.

  3. 3.

    Onderco, M.; Nuti, L. (2020) ‘Extending the NPT? A Critical Oral History of the 1995 Review and Extension Conference,’ Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, available at https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/documents/Extending%20the%20NPT%20-%20A%20Critical%20Oral%20History%20of%20the%201995%20Review%20and%20Extension%20Conference.pdf (21 May 2021).

  4. 4.

    Dunn, L. (1995) ‘High Noon for the NPT,’ Arms Control Today, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 3–9, available at www.jstor.org/stable/23625630 (21 May 2021).

  5. 5.

    Ibid.

  6. 6.

    Welsh, S. (1995) Delegate Perspectives on the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference.

  7. 7.

    Reaching Critical Will (2000) News in Review (last accessed: April 24, 2020), available at http://reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/npt/NIR2000/nir_24april.pdf (21 May 2021).

  8. 8.

    Johnson, Rebecca (2000) ‘The NPT Review: Disaster Averted,’ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 52–57, available at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2968/056004013 (21 May 2021).

  9. 9.

    Davis, Zachary (1999) ‘NPT 2000: Is the Treaty in Trouble?’ Arms Control Today, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 10–14, available at www.jstor.org/stable/23626163 (21 May 2021).

  10. 10.

    Du Preez, J. (2008) ‘Avoiding a Perfect Storm: Recharting the NPT Review Process,’ Arms Control Today, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 13–18, available at www.jstor.org/stable/23628509 (21 May 2021).

  11. 11.

    Müller, H. (2014) The NPT Review Conferences, in The Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime at a Crossroads, Institute for National Security Studies, p. 22, available at https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/180773/memo137%20(5)_May%2020.pdf (21 May 2021).

  12. 12.

    Vanaik, A. (2000) ‘Sixth NPT Review Conference,’ Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 35, no. 39, pp. 3468–3470, available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/4409765 (21 May 2021).

  13. 13.

    United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (2000) 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Final Document Volume III Part IV (last accessed: April 24, 2020), available at https://unoda-web.s3-accelerate.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/assets/WMD/Nuclear/pdf/finaldocs/2000%20-%20NY%20-%20NPT%20Review%20Conference%20-%20Final%20Document%20Part%20IV.pdf (21 May 2021).

  14. 14.

    Johnson, Rebecca (2000) ‘The NPT Review: Disaster Averted,’ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 52–57, available at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2968/056004013 (21 May 2021).

  15. 15.

    United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (2000) 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Final Document Volume III Part IV, available at https://unoda-web.s3-accelerate.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/assets/WMD/Nuclear/pdf/finaldocs/2000%20-%20NY%20-%20NPT%20Review%20Conference%20-%20Final%20Document%20Part%20IV.pdf (21 May 2021).

  16. 16.

    Federation of American Scientists (2000) Transcript: Albright, Ivanov Joint Press Briefing at the State Dept (last accessed: April 24, 2020), available at https://fas.org/nuke/control/abmt/news/000427-abmt-usia2.htm (21 May 2021).

  17. 17.

    Wulf, Norman (2000) ‘Observations from the 2000 NPT Review Conference,’ Arms Control Today, available at https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000-11/features/observations-2000-npt-review-conference.

  18. 18.

    United Nations (200) 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Final Document Volume 11 Part III (last accessed: April 24, 2020), available at https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=NPT/CONF.2000/28%20(Part%20III) (21 May 2021).

  19. 19.

    Wulf, Norman (2000) ‘Observations From the 2000 NPT Review Conference,’ Arms Control Today, available at https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000-11/features/observations-2000-npt-review-conference.

  20. 20.

    Rauf, Tariq (2000) ‘An Unequivocal Success? Implications of the NPT Review Conference,’ Arms Control Today, available at https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000-07/features/unequivocal-success-implications-npt-review-conference (21 May 2021).

  21. 21.

    Johnson, Rebecca (2000) ‘The NPT Review: Disaster Averted,’ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 52–57, available at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2968/056004013 (21 May 2021).

  22. 22.

    Rauf, Tariq (2000) ‘An Unequivocal Success? Implications of the NPT Review Conference,’ Arms Control Today, available at https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000-07/features/unequivocal-success-implications-npt-review-conference (21 May 2021).

  23. 23.

    Ibid.

  24. 24.

    United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (2000) 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Final Document Volume III Part IV, available at https://unoda-web.s3-accelerate.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/assets/WMD/Nuclear/pdf/finaldocs/2000%20-%20NY%20-%20NPT%20Review%20Conference%20-%20Final%20Document%20Part%20IV.pdf (21 May 2021).

  25. 25.

    Shultz, G.; Perry, W.; Kissinger, H.; Nunn, S. ‘Toward a World Without Nuclear Weapons,’ Nuclear Threat Initiative, available at https://media.nti.org/pdfs/NSP_op-eds_final_.pdf (21 May 2021).

  26. 26.

    The White House Office of the Press Secretary (2009) Remarks by President Barack Obama in Prague as Delivered, available at https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-barack-obama-prague-delivered (21 May 2021).

  27. 27.

    RIA (2009) ‘Medvedev predstavil v OON vzgljady Rossii na razoruzhenie, PRO i nacizm’ [Medvedev Introduced Russia’s Views on Disarmament, Missile Defense, and Nazism at the UN] (last accessed: August 7, 2019), available at https://ria.ru/20090924/186211512.html (21 May 2021).

  28. 28.

    Ploughshares Fund (2010) President Medvedev’s Message to The Global Zero Summit (last accessed: August 7, 2019), available at https://www.ploughshares.org/issues-analysis/article/president-medvedevs-message-global-zero-summit (21 May 2021).

  29. 29.

    UN News (2009) Security Council Calls for World Free of Nuclear Weapons During Historic Summit (last accessed: August 7, 2019), available at https://news.un.org/en/story/2009/09/314122-security-council-calls-world-free-nuclear-weapons-during-historic-summit (21 May 2021).

  30. 30.

    U.S. Department of State (2010) New START Treaty (last accessed: August 7, 2019), available at https://www.state.gov/t/avc/newstart/c44126.htm (21 May 2021).

  31. 31.

    Baker, P. (2010) ‘Twists and Turns on Way to Arms Pact with Russia,’ The New York Times, available at https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/27/world/europe/27start.html?pagewanted=all (21 May 2021).

  32. 32.

    Dyakov, A.S.; Myasnikov, E.V.; Sokov, N.N. (2006) ‘The Reduction of Nuclear Weapons and the Control in Russian-American Relations: Status and Prospects,’ Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, available at http://www.armscontrol.ru/pubs/Report-0612.pdf (21 May 2021).

  33. 33.

    Woolf, Amy (2010) ‘Nuclear Weapons in U.S. National Security Policy: Past, Present, and Prospects,’ Congressional Research Service, available at https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL34226 (21 May 2021).

  34. 34.

    United States Department of State (2002) Text of U.S.-Russia Joint Declaration, available at (last accessed 27 May 2020) https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eur/rls/or/2002/10469.htm (21 May 2021).

  35. 35.

    Woolf, Amy (2011) ‘Nuclear Arms Control: The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty,’ Congressional Research Service, available at https://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL31448.pdf (21 May 2021).

  36. 36.

    United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (2005) 2005 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Final Document Part III (last accessed May 28, 2020), available at https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N08/292/21/PDF/N0829221.pdf (21 May 2021).

  37. 37.

    U.S. Department of Defense (2010) 2010 Nuclear Posture Review (last accessed: August 7, 2019), available at https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/features/defenseReviews/NPR/2010_Nuclear_Posture_Review_Report.pdf (21 May 2021).

  38. 38.

    Rusman, P. (2010) ‘New START, A Preliminary Analysis,’ Journal of Conflict & Security Law, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 557–572, available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/26295320 (21 May 2021).

  39. 39.

    Podvig, Pavel (2011) ‘Instrumental influences. Russia and the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review,’ Nonproliferation Review, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 39–50, available at https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2011.549170 (21 May 2021).

  40. 40.

    Woolf, A. (2021) The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions Congressional Research Service, available at https://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/R41219.pdf (21 May 2021).

  41. 41.

    Calmes, J. ‘Obama Asks Russia to Join in Reducing Nuclear Arms,’ The New York Times, available at https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/20/world/europe/obama-asks-russia-to-join-in-reducing-nuclear-arms.html (21 May 2021).

  42. 42.

    Chernenko, E.; Safronov, I. (2013) ‘Doveritel'nye gramoty’ [Letters of Credence], Kommersant, available at https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2187951 (21 May 2021).

  43. 43.

    Ibid.

  44. 44.

    United States Department of State (2010). New START Treaty: Resolution of Advice and Consent to Ratification. https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/rls/153910.htm.

  45. 45.

    Chernenko E. (2013) ‘Razoruzhenie, ot kotorogo trudno otkazat'sja’ [Disarmament That Is Hard to Resist], Kommersant (last accessed 27 May 2020), available at https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2215128 (21 May 2021).

  46. 46.

    Kimball, D.; Morley, J. (2013) ‘Obama Calls for Deeper Nuclear Cuts,’ Arms Control Association, available at https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2013-07/news/obama-calls-deeper-nuclear-cuts (21 May 2021).

  47. 47.

    Chernenko E. Safronov I., Tarasov P. (2013) ‘Barak Obama otmenil Vladimira Putina’ [Barack Obama cancelled Vladimir Putin], Kommersant, available at https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2250165 (21 May 2021).

  48. 48.

    Chernenko E. (2013) ‘Razoruzhenie, ot kotorogo trudno otkazat'sja’ [Disarmament That Is Hard to Resist], Kommersant, available at https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2215128 (21 May 2021).

  49. 49.

    Pifer, S. (2016) ‘The Future of U.S.-Russian Arms Control,’ Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, available at https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/02/26/future-of-u.s.-russian-arms-control-pub-62899 (21 May 2021).

  50. 50.

    Hewitt, K. (2019) ‘Experts Discuss the Politics of New START and Strategic Nuclear Modernization,’ Brookings, available at https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/01/17/experts-discuss-the-politics-of-new-start-and-strategic-nuclear-modernization/ (21 May 2021).

  51. 51.

    Thompson, L. (2015) ‘Obama Backs Biggest Nuclear Arms Buildup Since Cold War,’ Forbes, available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2015/12/15/obama-backs-biggest-nuclear-arms-buildup-since-cold-war/?sh=4ffc15242a0f (21 May 2021).

  52. 52.

    Podvig, Pavel (2018) ‘Russia’s Current Nuclear Modernization and Arms Control,’ Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 256–267, available at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/25751654.2018.1526629?needAccess=true (21 May 2021).

  53. 53.

    Trenin, Dmitry (2019) ‘Russian Views of U.S. Nuclear Modernization,’ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 14–18, available at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2019.1555991 (21 May 2021).

  54. 54.

    2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2010), available at http://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2010/pdf/npt_conf2010_wp75.pdf (21 May 2021).

  55. 55.

    Statement by Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton to the 2010 Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2010), available at http://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2010/statements/pdf/usa_en.pdf (21 May 2021).

  56. 56.

    Statement by the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey A.Ryabkov at the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2010), available at http://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2010/statements/pdf/russia_en.pdf (21 May 2021).

  57. 57.

    Statement by the People’s Republic of China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America to the 2010 Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference (2010), available at http://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2010/statements/pdf/russia5_en.pdf (21 May 2021).

  58. 58.

    Miller, S. (2010) ‘A Deeply Fractured Regime: Assessing the 2010 NPT Review Conference,’ The International Spectator, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 19–26, available at https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2010.519549 (21 May 2021).

  59. 59.

    Orlov, Vladimir (2010) ‘Opjat’ trojka’ [Grade Three, Again], available at http://www.pircenter.org/media/content/files/11/13663840220.pdf (21 May 2021).

  60. 60.

    Sagan, S.; Vaynman, J. (2011) ‘Lessons Learned from the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review,’ Nonproliferation Review, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 237–262, available at https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2011.549183 (21 May 2021).

  61. 61.

    Acheson, R. (2010) ‘Beyond the 2010 NPT Review Conference: What’s Next for Nuclear Disarmament?’ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 77–87, available at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0096340210387040 (21 May 2021).

  62. 62.

    Orlov, Vladimir (2014) ‘Est’ li budushhee u DNJaO. Zametki v preddverii Obzornoj konferencii 2015g,’ [Is There a Future for NPT? Notes on the Eve of 2015 Review Conference], Security Index, №4 (111), pp. 27–48, available at http://www.pircenter.org/media/content/files/12/14095839880.pdf (21 May 2021).

  63. 63.

    Müller, H. (2014) The NPT Review Conferences, in The Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime at a Crossroads, Institute for National Security Studies, available at https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/180773/memo137%20(5)_May%2020.pdf (21 May 2021).

  64. 64.

    Orlov, Vladimir (2015) ‘The Glass Menagerie of Non-Proliferation,’ Russia in Global Affairs, available at https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/The-Glass-Menagerie-of-Non-Proliferation-17708 (21 May 2021).

  65. 65.

    Statement by the People’s Republic Of China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America to the 2015 Treaty On The Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Review Conference (2015), available at http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/npt/revcon2015/statements/30April_UKJoint.pdf (21 May 2021).

  66. 66.

    Remarks at the 2015 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference John Kerry Secretary of State (2015), available at http://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2015/statements/pdf/U.S._en.pdf (21 May 2021).

  67. 67.

    Implementing the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: Disarmament. Working paper submitted by the United States of America (2015), available at https://undocs.org/NPT/CONF.2015/WP.44 (21 May 2021).

  68. 68.

    Statement by Mikhail I. Uliyanov Acting Head of the Delegation of the Russian Federation at the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (General debate) (2015), available at http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/npt/revcon2015/statements/27April_Russia.pdf (21 May 2021).

  69. 69.

    Official Internet Resources of the President of Russia (2016) ‘Zasedanie Mezhdunarodnogo diskussionnogo kluba “Valdaj” [Meeting of the Valdai International Discussion Club], available at http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/53151 (21 May 2021).

  70. 70.

    RIAC (2018) ‘Rossija schitaet prezhdevremennym nachinat’ process vseobshhego jadernogo razoruzhenija’ [Russia Considers It Premature to Begin the Process of Global Nuclear Disarmament], available at https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/comments/rossiya-schitaet-prezhdevremennym-nachinat-protsess-vseobshchego-yadernogo-razoruzheniya-podrobnee-n/ (21 May 2021).

  71. 71.

    Kristensen, H.; Korda M. (2019) ‘Russian Nuclear Forces, 2019,’ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 73–84, available at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2019.1580891 (21 May 2021).

  72. 72.

    Reif, K. (2018) ‘New Russian Weapons Raise Arms Race Fears,’ Arms Control Association, available at https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2018-04/news/new-russian-weapons-raise-arms-race-fears (21 May 2021).

  73. 73.

    Baklitsky, Andrey (2018) ‘The 2018 Nuclear Posture Review and Russia’s Position,’ Express Analysis. Trialogue Club International, available at http://www.pircenter.org/media/content/files/9/15186203240.pdf (21 May 2021).

  74. 74.

    Ford, C. (2020) ‘The Politics of Arms Control: Getting Beyond Post-Cold War Pathologies and Finding Security in a Competitive Environment,’ United States Department of State, available at https://2017-2021.state.gov/the-psychopolitics-of-arms-control/index.html (21 May 2021).

  75. 75.

    Ford, C. (2020) U.S. Priorities for “Next-Generation Arms Control,” United States Department of State, available at https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/T-paper-series-1-Arms-Control-Final-1-508.pdf (21 May 2021).

  76. 76.

    Nuclear threat Initiative (2019) Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF Treaty), available at https://www.nti.org/learn/treaties-and-regimes/treaty-between-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-union-of-soviet-socialist-republics-on-the-elimination-of-their-intermediate-range-and-shorter-range-missiles/ (21 May 2021).

  77. 77.

    TASS (2020) ‘Dmitrij Medvedev k 10-letiju SNV-3: neprodlenie dogovora budet imet’ ser'eznye posledstvija’ [Dmitry Medvedev on the 10th Anniversary of New START: Not Renewing the Treaty Will Have Grave Consequences], available at https://tass.ru/opinions/8184511 (21 May 2021).

  78. 78.

    PBS (2020) ‘State Dept. official on Trump’s Vision for Nuclear Arms Control,’ available at https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/state-dept-official-on-trumps-vision-for-nuclear-arms-control (21 May 2021).

  79. 79.

    Creating the Conditions for Nuclear Disarmament (CCND) (2020) Working paper submitted by the United States of America, available at https://undocs.org/NPT/CONF.2020/PC.II/WP.30 (21 May 2021).

  80. 80.

    Operationalizing the Creating an Environment for Nuclear Disarmament (CEND) Initiative (2020), available at https://undocs.org/NPT/CONF.2020/PC.III/WP.43 (21 May 2021).

  81. 81.

    Nuclear disarmament. Working paper submitted by the Russian Federation (2020), available at https://undocs.org/NPT/CONF.2020/PC.III/WP.6 (21 May 2021).

  82. 82.

    Statement by Director General Vladimir Yermakov Head of the Delegation of the Russian Federation at the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2018), available at http://statements.unmeetings.org/media2/18559211/russia-printer_20180424_105255.pdf (21 May 2021).

  83. 83.

    Statement by Vadim Smirnov Deputy Director of the Department for Nonproliferation and Arms Control Deputy Head of the Delegation of the Russian Federation at the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2018) http://statements.unmeetings.org/media2/18559498/russia-e-cluster-1-statement-russia-eng.pdf (21 May 2021).

  84. 84.

    Baklitsky, Andrey (2020) ‘Perspektivy formata “jadernoj pjatjorki”’ [Prospects for the Nuclear Five Format], PIR Center, available at https://www.pircenter.org/blog/view/id/394 (21 May 2021).

  85. 85.

    Reaching Critical Will (2018) NPT News in Review, vol. 15, no. 6, available at (last accessed: August 7, 2019) https://reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/npt/NIR2018/NIR15.6.pdf (21 May 2021).

  86. 86.

    Sanders-Zakre, Alicia (2019) ‘NPT Looks Ahead to 2020 Review Conference Without Consensus Recommendations,’ Arms Control Association, available at (last accessed: August 7, 2019) https://www.armscontrol.org/blog/2019-05-10/reporting-2019-npt-prepcom (21 May 2021).

  87. 87.

    https://www.globalzero.org/blundering-toward-nuclear-chaos-2020/.

  88. 88.

    Sarah Bidgood, Trump Accidentally Just Triggered Global Nuclear Proliferation, 2019, Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/02/21/trump-accidentally-just-triggered-global-nuclear-proliferation/.

  89. 89.

    Antonov, A. (2019) 2019 Carnegie International Nuclear Policy Conference. The Future of U.S.-Russia Arms Control, available at https://s3.amazonaws.com/ceipfiles/pdf/NPC19-FutureUSRussiaArmsControl.pdf (21 May 2021).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vladislav Chernavskikh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chernavskikh, V. (2022). Comparing Approaches Towards Global Zero in the Modern Period. In: Orlov, V.A., Semenov, S.D. (eds) Russian–American Nuclear Nonproliferation Dialogue. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1716-5_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics