Skip to main content

Android Malware Classification Addressing Repackaged Entities by the Evaluation of Static Features and Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of Seventh International Congress on Information and Communication Technology

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 448))

  • 466 Accesses

Abstract

Expanded usage and prevalence of android apps allows developers of malware to create new ways in various applications to unleash malware in various packaged types. This malware causes various leakage of information and a loss of revenue. In addition, the discovered software is repeatedly launched by unethical developers after classifying the program as malware. Unluckily, the program still remains undetected even after being repackaged. In this research, the topic of repackaging was discussed, emphasizing the implementation based on source code using the bag-of-words algorithm and testing the findings through machine learning. The findings of the assessment demonstrate comparatively improved result in this aspect than the existing implantation based on source code by adapting the bag-of-words strategy and implementing some supplementary dataset preprocessing. A vocabulary for identifying the malicious code has been developed in this study. Bag-of-words was used to classify malware trends using custom implementation. The findings were instantiated using various algorithms of machine learning. The concept was eventually implemented in a practical application too. The suggested method sets out a fairly new methodology for examining source code for android malware to tackle repackaging of malware.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chia C, Choo K, Fehrenbacher D (2017) How cyber-savvy are older mobile device users?

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alavi A, Quach A, Zhang H, Marsh B, Haq F, Qian Z, Lu L, Gupta R (2017) Where is the weakest link? A study on security discrepancies between android apps and their website counterparts

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hutchinson S, Karabiyik U (2019) Forensic analysis of spy applications in android devices. [online] Scholarly Commons. Available at: https://commons.erau.edu/adfsl/2019/paperpresentation/3/

  4. Sharmeen S, Huda S, Abawajy JH, Ismail WN, Hassan MM (2018) Malware threats and detection for industrial mobile-IoT networks. IEEE Access 6:15941–15957. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2815660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Buennemeyer TK, Nelson TM, Clagett LM, Dunning JP, Marchany RC, Tront JG (2008) Mobile device profiling and intrusion detection using smart batteries. In: Proceedings of the 41st annual hawaii international conference on system sciences (HICSS 2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2008.319

  6. Wang S, Chen Z, Yan Q, Yang B, Peng L, Jia Z (2019) A mobile malware detection method using behavior features in network traffic. J Netw Comput Appl 133:15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.12.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ghaffari F, Abadi M, Tajoddin A (2017) AMD-EC: anomalybased Android malware detection using ensemble classifiers. In: 2017 Iranian conference on electrical engineering (ICEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/iraniancee.2017.7985436

  8. Mercaldo F, Nardone V, Santone A, Visaggio CA (2016) Download malware? No, thanks. In: Proceedings of the 4th FME workshop on formal methods in software engineering

    Google Scholar 

  9. Karbab EB, Debbabi M, Alrabaee S, Mouheb D (2016) DySign: dynamic fingerprinting for the automatic detection of android malware. In: 2016 11th international conference on malicious and unwanted software (MALWARE). https://doi.org/10.1109/malware.2016.7888739

  10. Nath HV, Mehtre BM (2014) Static malware analysis using machine learning methods. In: Recent trends in computer networks with distributed systems security. Communications in computer and information science, pp 440–450.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54525-2_39

  11. Al-Maksousy HH, Weigle MC, Wang C (2018) NIDS: neural network oriented intrusion detection system. In: 2018 IEEE international symposium on technologies for homeland security (HST). https://doi.org/10.1109/ths.2018.8574174

  12. Vij D, Balachandran V, Thomas T, Surendran R (2020) Gramac. In: Proceedings of the tenth ACM conference on data and application security and privacy. https://doi.org/10.1145/3374664.3379530

  13. Milosevic N, Dehghantanha A, Choo K-KR (2017) Machine learning aided Android malware classification. Comput Electr Eng 61:266–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2017.02.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Damshenas M, Dehghantanha A, Choo K-KR, Mahmud R (2015) M0Droid: an android behavioral-based malware detection model. J Inf Privacy Secur 11(3):141–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/15536548.2015.1073510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hasan MR, Begum A, Zamal FB, Rawshan L, Bhuiyan T (2020) Android malware detection by machine learning apprehension and static feature characterization. In: Bhuiyan T, Rahman M, Ali M (eds) Cyber security and computer science. ICONCS 2020. Lecture notes of the institute for computer sciences, social informatics and telecommunications engineering, vol 325. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52856-0_5

  16. VirusTotal (n.d.) Retrieved from https://www.virustotal.com/

  17. Chan PPK, Song W-K (2014) Static detection of Android malware by using permissions and API calls. In: 2014 international conference on machine learning and cybernetics. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2014.7009096

  18. Patanaik CK, Barbhuiya FA, Nandi S (2012). Obfuscated malware detection based on API call dependency. In: Proceedings of the first international conference on security of internet of things—SecurIT 12. https://doi.org/10.1145/2490428.2490454

  19. Leeds M, Keffeler M, Atkison T (2017) A comparison of features for android malware detection. In: Proceedings of the SouthEast Conference on— ACM SE 17.https://doi.org/10.1145/3077286.3077288

  20. Abraham A, Andriatsimandefitra R, Brunelat A, Lalande J-F, Tong VVT (2015) GroddDroid: a gorilla for triggering malicious behaviors. In: 2015 10th international conference on malicious and unwanted software (MALWARE). https://doi.org/10.1109/malware.2015.7413692

  21. Bag-of-words model (2019, November 29) Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag-of-words_model

Download references

Acknowledgements

Co-authors of this previous research stated in [15] had good contribution for assessment of the identification of the core issue, which laid groundwork for this consecutive research work. Additionally, Associate Dean of the Faculty of Science and Information Technology (FSIT) of Daffodil International University—Prof. Dr. Md. Fokhray Hossain has always inspired me to continue my research in the intended field after my graduation from Daffodil International University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Md Rashedul Hasan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Hasan, M.R. (2023). Android Malware Classification Addressing Repackaged Entities by the Evaluation of Static Features and Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms. In: Yang, XS., Sherratt, S., Dey, N., Joshi, A. (eds) Proceedings of Seventh International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 448. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1610-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1610-6_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-1609-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-1610-6

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics