Constrained Optimization-Based Routing for Multipath and Multihop Propagation in WSN

Abstract

Majority of the energy-aware routing protocols for wireless sensor networks focus on hierarchical routing mechanism, e.g., clustering algorithm. The significant disadvantage of the clustering approach was rapid depletion of battery of sensor nodes near the sink due to uneven distribution of packets, even in a multihop propagation strategy. To mitigate the adverse effect of improper packet distribution policy flowing toward cluster head, we have introduced a novel packet distribution policy so that powers at all nodes are uniformly dissipated, keeping the packet generation rates at all the intermediate nodes be constant. In a nonlinear network in a multipath approach, incorporation of constrained optimization problem in packet distribution ratios to each and every neighbor nodes toward cluster head facilitates to keep the power dissipation rate of the participated nodes to be equal. Our analysis shows, for a nonlinear network, this optimization strategy can be effectively employed for a 1D nonlinear network with maximum three parallel paths with maximum six nodes. The performance of our proposed method has been analyzed with respect to conventional load balancing protocols, e.g., load-balanced routing (LBR) protocol, energy efficient sleep awake aware (EESAA) protocol, respectively. We have also investigated the performance of our proposed scheme utilizing a real-life dataset with respect to four popular low-power, low-cost commercial radio devices, e.g., CC1100, CC2420, Maxim 2820 and RFM TR 1000, respectively, widely used in WSN IoT applications.