Abstract
Cultural and serological tests are the earliest methods for the detection of diseases. The histological studies also help for the identification of responsible pathogen causing the disease. Following these have several disadvantages, i.e. laborious and time-consuming, but over 15 years, molecular methods are supportive for early disease diagnosis. Fishes in the asymptomatic stage of the disease can be diagnosed, reducing their dependence on antibiotics. The development of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains is yet another difficulty that needs to be addressed. At the same time, the prevention of fish diseases also improves socio-economic status among aquaculture farms. These features are essential for initiating early treatment, prevention and control of the disease. The diagnostic methods include microscopic examination of cultures bacterial cells, biochemical tests for bacteria, histopathological examination of fish tissues, and serological tests. The subsequent methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction enzyme digestion, probe hybridization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in-situ hybridization, and microarray are applied in disease diagnosis. So far, molecular methods had led to an improved understanding of genetic characteristics, virulence factor, pathogenicity and host-pathogen interactions. This chapter is the comparative analysis of molecular methods for detecting bacterial fish disease. Such advancements in the techniques gain the scope for novel vaccine development and antibiotics for treatment in the prevention of diseases caused by bacterial fish pathogens.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alday-Sanz V, Rodger H, Turnbull T, Adams A, Richards RH (1994) Immunohistochemical identification of Pickirickettsia salmonis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J Fish Dis 17:189–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2761.(1994).TB00213.X
Altinok I, Kurt İ (2003) Molecular diagnosis of fish diseases: a review. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 3(2):131–138
Aoki T, Hirono I, and Hayashi A (1995) The fish pathogenic bacterium Pasteurella piscicida detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Diseases in Asian aquaculture II. Shariff, Arthur J. R, Subasinghe R.P Fish Health Section Asian Fisheries Society Manila 347–353
Aoki T, Ikeda D, Katagari T, Hirono I (1996) Rapid detection of the fish, pathogenic bacterium Pasteurella piscicida by polymerase chain reaction targeting nucleotide sequences of the species, specific plasmid pZP1. Fish Pathol 32:143–151. https://doi.org/10.3147/JSFP.32.143
Brown LL, Iwama GK, Evelyn TPT, Nelson WS, Levine RP (1994) Use of polymersase chain reaction (PCR) to detect DNA from Renibacterium salmoninarum within individual salmonid eggs. Dis Aquat Organ 18:165–171. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao018165
Cascon A, Anguita J, Hernandez C, Sanchez M, Fernandez M, Naharro G (1996) Identification of Aeromonas hydrophila hybridisation group 1 by PCR assays. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:1167–1170. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.4.1167-1170
Gulig PA, Crecy VD, Lagard AC, Wright B, Walts M, Telonis S, LM MI (2010) SOLID sequencing of four Vibrio vulnificus genomes enables comparative genomic analysis and identification of candidate clade, specific virulence genes. BMC Genomics 11:512–516. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-512
Hiney M, Dawson MT, Heery DM, Smith PR, Gannon F, Powell R (1992) DNA probe for Aeromonas salmonicida. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:1039–1042. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.3.1039-1042
Hiney MP, Smith PR (1998) Validation of polymerase chain reaction, based techniques for proxy detection of bacterial fish pathogens: framework problems and possible solutions for environmental applications. Aquaculture 162:41–68
Hirono I, Masuda T, Aoki T (1996) Cloning and detection of the hemolysin gene of vibrio anguillarum. Microb Pathog 20:173–182. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpat.1996.0052
Huang TS, Cerenius L, Soderhall K (1994) Analysis of genetic diversity in the crayfish plague fungus Aphanomyces astaci by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Aquaculture 126:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1899/10-130.19
Koo K, Jaykus LA (2000) Selective amplification of bacterial RNA: use of a DNA primer containing mismatched bases near its 3′ terminus to reduce false positive signals. Lett App Microbiol 31:187–192. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00798.x
Lilley JH, Cerenius L, Soderhall K (1997) RAPD evidence for the origin of crayfish plague outbreaks in Britain. Aquaculture 157:181–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00153-1
McPhearson RM, DePaola A, Zywno SR, Motes ML, Jr Guarino AM (1991) Antibiotic resistance in gram negative bacteria from cultured catfish and aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 99:203–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90241-X
Morita H, Toh H, Oshima K (2011) Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of the fish pathogen Lactococcus garvieae. PLoS One 6(e23184):2011. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023184
Morris D, Adams A, Richards RH (1997) Studies on the PKX myxosporean in rainbow trout via immunohistochemistry and immunogold microscopy. J Aquat Anim Health 8:219–235. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667
Morris D, Adams A, Richards RH (1998) In-situ hybridisation of PKX the causative organism of proliferative kidney disease (PKD). J Fish Dis 22:161–163. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00147.x
Naka H, Dias GM, Thompson CC, Dubay C, Thompson FL, Crosa JL (2011) Complete genome sequence of the marine fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum harboring the pJM1 virulence plasmid and genomic comparison with other virulent strains of V. anguillarum and V. ordalii. Infect Immun 79:2889–2900
Nho SW, Hikima JI, Cha IS (2011) Complete genome sequence and immunoproteomic analyses of the bacterial fish pathogen streptococcus parauberis. J Bacteriol 193:3356–3366. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080395
Oidtmann B, Cerenius L, Schmid I, Hoffmann R, Soderhall K (1999) Crayfish plague epizootics in Germany, classification of two German isolates of the crayfish plague fungus Aphanomyces astaci by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Dis Aquat Organ 35:235–238. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao035235
Pani Prasad K (1999) Immunodiagnosis of Aeromonas hydrophila in fishes by latex agglutination assay using monospecific polyvalent antibodies. J Freshwater Ecol 11:25–28
Paniagua C, Rivero O, Anguita J, Naharro G, Carrasco (1990) Pathogenicity factors and virulence for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of motile Aeromonas spp. isolated from a river. J Clin Microbiol 28(2):350–355. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.28.2.350-355
Pazos F, Santos Y, Macías AR, Núñez S, Toranzo AE (1996) Evaluation of media for the successful culture of Flexibacter maritimus. J Fish Dis 19:193–197. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.29.105
Reimundo P, Pignatelli M, Alcaraz LD, D’Auria G, Moya A, Guijarro JA (2011) Genome sequence of Lactococcus garvieae UNIUD074 isolated in Italy from a lactococcosis outbreak. J Bacteriol 193:3684–3685. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.05210-11
Roy AK (2017) Microarray analysis of fish genomic data for enhancing aquaculture productivity of India. Annal Proteom Bioinform 2017:6. https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.hpbr.1001002
Sanders JE, Barros MJ (1986) Evidence by the fluorescent antibody test for the occurrence of Renibacterium salmoninarum among salmonid fish in Chile. J Wildl Dis 22:255–257. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.2.255
Shewan JM, McMeekin TA (1983) Taxonomy and ecology of the Flavo bacterium and related genera. Annu Rev Microbiol 37:233–252. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.37.100183.001313
Sudheesh PS, Aliya A, Ghabshi Nashwa A, Mazrooei Saoud A, Habsi (2012) Comparative pathogenomics of bacteria causing infectious diseases in fish. Evolutionary mechanisms of microbial genomes. Intl J Evolution Biol 2012:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/457264
Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, van de Lee T, Hornes M, Frijters A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kuiper M, Zabeau M (1995) AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res 23:4407–4414. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.21.4407
Williams K, Blake S, Sweeney A, Singer JT, Nicholson BL (1999) Multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR assay for simultaneous detection of three fish viruses. J Clin Microbiol 37:4139–4141. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.37.12.4139-4141
Zhang J, Wuying C, Guihong F (2009) DNA microarray technology and its application in fish biology and aquaculture. Front Biol China 4:305–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-009-0016-7
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Samiappan, S.C., Palanisamy, S., Ravichandran, M., Balasubramanian, B., Issara, U., Arumugam, V.A. (2022). Common Bacterial Fish Diseases and Approaches on Molecular Techniques for Characterization and Early Detection of Pathogens. In: Balasubramanian, B., Liu, WC., Sattanathan, G. (eds) Aquaculture Science and Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0817-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0817-0_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-0816-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-0817-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)