Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Perspectives and Implications of Probiotics as Beneficial Mediators in Aquaculture Industry

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Aquaculture Science and Engineering

Abstract

The diseases and nutrient deficiency in fish and other cultured aquatic species are of crucial concern as they cause severe economic loss in aquaculture sectors. The use of probiotics has proven to be an effective option to reduce the infections, improve the overall health and enhance the productivity. This review comprehensively brought out significance of probiotics, their mode of administration via encapsulation methods and their mechanism of action reported by several research works. We have also highlighted the other beneficial aspects of probiotics as potent functional agents influencing gut microbiota, competence with pathogenic bacteria, release of antimicrobial secretions and maintain the water quality in environmental friendly manner which ensures sustainable aquaculture and fish farming. This review has also covered up the role of probiotics in wide spectrum of functions such as antiviral and antifungal properties, reducing stress and diseases, modifying the gut microbiota, improving the fecundity, survival and modulating the immune system of the host. We have discussed every aspect of probiotics and correlated with the existing research and review articles till date. However, most of the studies are reported based on the laboratory trials and experiments; commercial and large-scale demonstration has to be scaled up and utilization of them in natural environments like ponds and lakes will be effective way to broaden aquaculture industry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abareethan M, Amsath A (2015) Characterization and evaluation of probiotic fish feed. Int J Pure Appl Zool 3(2):148–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbass A, Sharifuzzaman SM, Austin B (2010 Jan) Cellular components of probiotics control Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 33(1):31–37

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aghbashlo M, Mobli H, Madadlou A, Rafiee S (2013) Influence of wall material and inlet drying air temperature on the microencapsulation of fish oil by spray drying. Food Bioproc Tech 6(6):1561–1569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aguirre-Guzmán G, Lara-Flores M, Sánchez-Martínez JG, Campa-Córdova AI, Luna-González A (2012) The use of probiotics in aquatic organisms: a review. Afr J Microbiol Res 6(23):4845–4857

    Google Scholar 

  • Akhter N, Wu B, Memon AM, Mohsin M (2015) Probiotics and prebiotics associated with aquaculture: a review. Fish Shellfish Immunol 45(2):733–741

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allameh SK, Yusoff FM, Ringø E, Daud HM, Saad CR, Ideris A (2016) Effects of dietary mono-and multiprobiotic strains on growth performance, gut bacteria and body composition of J avanese carp (P untius gonionotus, B leeker 1850). Aquacult Nutr 22(2):367–373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asaduzzaman MD, Iehata S, Akter S, Kader MA, Ghosh SK, Khan MN, Abol-Munafi AB (2018) Effects of host gut-derived probiotic bacteria on gut morphology, microbiota composition and volatile short chain fatty acids production of Malaysian Mahseer tor tambroides. Aquaculture Rep 1(9):53–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balasubramanian B, Lee SI, Kim IH (2018) Inclusion of dietary multi-species probiotic on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality traits, fecal microbiota and diarrhea score in growing-finishing pigs. Ital J Anim Sci 17(1):100–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balasubramanian B, Park JW, Kim IH (2016) Evaluation of the effectiveness of supplementing micro-encapsulated organic acids and essential oils in diets for sows and suckling piglets. Ital J Anim Sci 15(4):626–633

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boonanuntanasarn S, Ditthab K, Jangprai A, Nakharuthai C (2019) Effects of microencapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth, hematological indices, blood chemical, and immune parameters and intestinal morphology in striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins. Probiot Antimicrob Prot 11(2):427–437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee S, Judeh ZM (2016) Microencapsulation of fish oil. Lipid Technol 28(1):13–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan A, Singh R (2019) Probiotics in aquaculture: a promising emerging alternative approach. Symbiosis 77(2):99–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen S-W, Liu C-H, Hu S-Y (2019) Dietary administration of probiotic Paenibacillus ehimensis NPUST1 with bacteriocin-like activity improves growth performance and immunity against Aeromonas hydrophila and streptococcus iniae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 84:695–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.059

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chu W, Zhou S, Zhu W, Zhuang X (2014) Quorum quenching bacteria Bacillus sp. QSI-1 protect zebrafish (Danio rerio) from Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Sci Rep 4(1):1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa R, Aldridge DC, Moggridge GD (2011) Preparation and evaluation of biocide-loaded particles to control the biofouling zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. Chem Eng Res Des 89(11):2322–2329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel N, Nageswari P (2017) Exogenous probiotics on biofloc based aquaculture: a review. Curr Agric Res J 5(1):88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawood MA, Koshio S, Esteban MÁ (2018) Beneficial roles of feed additives as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review. Rev Aquac 10(4):950–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De BC, Meena DK, Behera BK, Das P, Mohapatra PD, Sharma AP (2014) Probiotics in fish and shellfish culture, immunomodulatory and ecophysiological responses. Fish Physiol Biochem 40:921–971. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-013-9897-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dey A, Ghosh K, Hazra N (2018) Effects of probiotics-encapsulated live feed on growth and survival of juvenile Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) after differential exposure to pathogenic bacteria. SAARC J Agric 16(1):105–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Ezabi M, El-Serafy S, Essa M, Daboor S, Esmael N (2011) The viability of probiotics as a factor influencing the immune response in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Egypt J Aquatic Biol Fish 15(1):105–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes S, Kerkar S (2019) Bacterial probiotics over antibiotics: a boon to aquaculture. In: Advances in Biological Science Research. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 215–232

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ghoname R, El-sayed H, Ghozlan H, Sabry S (2020) Application of probiotic bacteria for the improvement of sea bream (Sparus aurata) larval production. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish 24(1):371–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giorgia G, Elia C, Andrea P, Cinzia C, Stefania S, Ana R, Daniel ML, Ike O, Oliana C (2018) Effects of Lactogen 13, a new probiotic preparation, on gut microbiota and endocrine signals controlling growth and appetite of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Microb Ecol 76:1063–1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1177-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giri SS, Sukumaran V, Oviya M (2013) Potential probiotic lactobacillus plantarum VSG3 improves the growth, immunity, and disease resistance of tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. Fish Shellfish Immunol 34(2):660–666

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hai NV (2015) The use of probiotics in aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 119(4):917–935

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harikrishnan R, Balasundaram C, Heo MS (2010) Effect of probiotics enriched diet on Paralichthys olivaceus infected with lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV). Fish Shellfish Immunol 29(5):868–874

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasan KN, Banerjee G (2020) Recent studies on probiotics as beneficial mediator in aquaculture: a review. J Basic Appl Zool 81(1):1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He S, Ran C, Qin C, Li S, Zhang H, De Vos WM, Ringø E, Zhou Z (2017) Anti-infective effect of adhesive probiotic lactobacillus in fish is correlated with their spatial distribution in the intestinal tissue. Sci Rep 7(1):1–2

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hlordzi V, Kuebutornye FK, Afriyie G, Abarike ED, Lu Y, Chi S, Anokyewaa MA (2020) The use of bacillus species in maintenance of water quality in aquaculture: a review. Aquac Rep 1(18):100503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosain MA, Liangyi X (2020) Impacts of probiotics on feeding technology and its application in aquaculture. J Aqua Fisheries & Fish Sci 3:174–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoseinifar SH, Ringø E, Shenavar Masouleh A, Esteban MÁ (2016) Probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplements in sturgeon aquaculture: a review. Rev Aquac 8(1):89–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jantarathin S, Borompichaichartkul C, Sanguandeekul R (2017) Microencapsulation of probiotic and prebiotic in alginate-chitosan capsules and its effect on viability under heat process in shrimp feeding. Mater Today: Proc 4(5):6166–6172

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaprakashvel M, Subramani R (2019) Implications of quorum sensing and quorum quenching in aquaculture health management. Springer, New York, pp 299–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin M, Lu Y, Yuan YE, Li YI, Qiu H, Sun P, Ma HN, Ding LY, Zhou QC (2017) Regulation of growth, antioxidant capacity, fatty acid profiles, hematological characteristics and expression of lipid related genes by different dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Aquaculture 20(471):55–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung J, Arnold RD, Wicker L (2013) Pectin and charge modified pectin hydrogel beads as a colon-targeted drug delivery carrier. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 1(104):116–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnaveni G, Vignesh S, Vidhyalakshmi N, Vijay V, Ramesh U (2021) Effects of dietary supplementation of lactobacillus fermentum URLP18 on growth, innate immunity and survival against Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 challenge in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio (common carp). Aquacult Res 52(3):1160–1176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumaree KK, Akbar A, Anal AK (2015) Bioencapsulation and application of lactobacillus plantarum isolated from catfish gut as an antimicrobial agent and additive in fish feed pellets. Ann Microbiol 65(3):1439–1445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lakshmi B, Viswanath B, Sai Gopal DV (2013) Probiotics as antiviral agents in shrimp aquaculture. J Pathogens 1:2013

    Google Scholar 

  • Lara Flores M, Olvara-Novoa MA (2013) The use of lactic acid bacteria isolated from intestinal tract of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), as growth promoters in fish fed low protein diets. Lat Am J Aquat Res 41(3):490–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Tan B, Mai K (2009) Dietary probiotic bacillus OJ and isomaltooligosaccharides influence the intestine microbial populations, immune responses and resistance to white spot syndrome virus in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture 291(1–2):35–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu W-C, Zhou S-H, Balamuralikrishnan B, Zeng F-Y, Sun C-B, Pang H-Y (2020) Dietary seaweed (Enteromorpha) polysaccharides improves growth performance involved in regulation of immune responses, intestinal morphology and microbial community in banana shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 104:202–212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loh JY (2017) The role of probiotics and their mechanisms of action: an aquaculture perspective. JWAS 18(1):19–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukwambe B, Qiuqian L, Wu J, Zhang D, Wang K, Zheng Z (2015) The effects of commercial microbial agents (probiotics) on phytoplankton community structure in intensive white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture ponds. Aquac Int 23(6):1443–1455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makridis P, Kokou F, Bournakas C, Papandroulakis N, Sarropoulou E (2021) Isolation of Phaeobacter sp. from larvae of Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda) in a Mesocosmos unit, and its use for the rearing of European seabass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Microorganisms 9:128

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maltz M, Levarge BL, Graf J (2015) Identification of iron and heme utilization genes in Aeromonas and their role in the colonization of the leech digestive tract. Front Microbiol 28(6):763

    Google Scholar 

  • Melgar Valdes CE, Barba Macias E, Álvarez-González CA, Tovilla Hernandez C, Sanchez AJ (2013) Microorganisms effect with probiotic potential in water quality and growth of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in intensive culture. Rev Biol Trop 61(3):1215–1228

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mingmongkolchai S, Panbangred W (2018) Bacillus probiotics: an alternative to antibiotics for livestock production. J Appl Microbiol 124(6):1334–1346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Motlagh HR, Farhangi M, Rafiee G, Noori F (2012) Modulating gut microbiota and digestive enzyme activities of Artemia urmiana by administration of different levels of Bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis. Aquac Int 4:693–705

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mujeeb Rahiman KM, Jesmi Y, Thomas AP, Mohamed Hatha AA (2010) Probiotic effect of bacillus NL110 and vibrio NE17 on the survival, growth performance and immune response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man). Aquacult Res 41(9):e120–e134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mundi A, Delcenserie V, Amiri-Jami M, Moorhead S, Griffiths MW (2013) Cell-free preparations of lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 and Bifidobacterium longum strain NCC2705 affect virulence gene expression in campylobacter jejuni. J Food Prot 76:1740–1746

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nandi A, Banerjee G, Dan SK, Ghosh K, Ray AK (2018) Evaluation of in vivo probiotic efficiency of bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Labeo rohita challenged by pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila MTCC 1739. Probiot Antimicrob Prot 10(2):391–398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nikoskelainen S, Ouwehand AC, Bylund G, Salminen S, Lilius EM (2003) Immune enhancement in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by potential probiotic bacteria (lactobacillus rhamnosus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 15(5):443–452

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nurhajati J, Aryantha IN, Indah DG (2012) The curative action of lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 226 to Saprolegnia parasitica A3 on catfish (Pangasius hypophthalamus Sauvage). Int Food Res J 19:4

    Google Scholar 

  • Padmavathi P, Sunitha K, Veeraiah K (2012) Efficacy of probiotics in improving water quality and bacterial flora in fish ponds. Afr J Microbiol Res 6(49):7471–7478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandiyan P, Balaraman D, Thirunavukkarasu R, George EG, Subaramaniyan K, Manikkam S, Sadayappan B (2013) Probiotics in aquaculture. Drug Invention Today 5(1):55–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panigrahi A, Kiron V, Satoh S, Watanabe T (2010) Probiotic bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus influences the blood profile in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Fish Physiol Biochem 36(4):969–977

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei Aminlooi V, Ahmadifard N, Tukmechi A, Agh N (2019) Improvement of reproductive indices, lysozyme activity, and disease resistance in live-bearing ornamental fish, Poecilia latipinna using Artemia supplementation with treated yeast cell, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aquac Res 50(1):72–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Román L, Real F, Padilla D, El Aamri F, Déniz S, Grasso V, Acosta F (2013) Cytokine expression in head-kidney leucocytes of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) after incubation with the probiotic Vagococcus fluvialis L-21. Fish Shellfish Immunol 35(4):1329–1332

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruangsri J, Lokesh J, Fernandes JM, Kiron V (2014) Transcriptional regulation of antimicrobial peptides in mucosal tissues of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. in response to different stimuli. Aquacult Res 45(12):1893–1905

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sattanathan G, Tamizhazhagan V, Padmapriya S, Liu W-C, Balamuralikrishnan B (2020a) Effect of green algae Chaetomorpha antennina extract on growth, modulate immunity, and defenses against Edwardsiella tarda infection in Labeo rohita. Animals 10:2033

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sattanathan G, Thanapal P, Padmapriya S, Vijaya Anand A, Sungkwon P, Kim IH, Balamuralikrishnan B (2020b) Influences of dietary inclusion of algae Chaetomporpha aerea enhanced growth performance, immunity, haematological response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture Rep 17:100353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharifuzzaman SM, Austin B (2017) Probiotics for disease control in aquaculture. In: Diagnosis and control of diseases of fish and shellfish, vol 7. Wiley, New York, pp 189–222

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Shefat SH (2018) Probiotic strains used in aquaculture. Int Res J Micro 7:43–55. https://doi.org/10.14303/irjm.2018.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spinler JK, Taweechotipatr M, Rognerud CL, Ou CN, Tumwasorn S, Versalovic J (2008 Jun) Human-derived probiotic lactobacillus reuteri demonstrate antimicrobial activities targeting diverse enteric bacterial pathogens. Anaerobe 14(3):166–171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stoica M, Alexe P, Valsame M (2016) Microencapsulation of biological compounds for cul-tured fish diet. A brief review. J Agroaliment Process Technol 22(1):1–6

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang RY, Wu ZL, Wang GZ, Liu W-C (2018) The effect of bacillus amyloquefaciens on productive performance of laying hens. Ital J Anim Sci 17:436–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vázquez-Silva G, Castro-Mejía J, de la Concha BS, González-Vázquez R, Mayorga-Reyes L, Azaola-Espinosa A (2016) Bioencapsulation of Bifidobacterium animalis and lactobacillus johnsonii in Artemia franciscana as feed for charal (Chirostoma jordani) larvae. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 15(3):809–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vílchez MC, Santangeli S, Maradonna F, Gioacchini G, Verdenelli C, Gallego V, Peñaranda DS, Tveiten H, Pérez L, Carnevali O, Asturiano JF (2015) Effect of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus on the expression of genes involved in European eel spermatogenesis. Theriogenology 84(8):1321–1331

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Wang C, Tang Y, Sun B, Huang J, Song X (2018) Pseudoalteromonas probiotics as potential biocontrol agents improve the survival of Penaeus vannamei challenged with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture 1(494):30–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang R, Tian Z, Chen L (2011) A novel process for microencapsulation of fish oil with barley protein. Food Res Int 44(9):2735–2741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willer D, Aldridge DC (2017) Microencapsulated diets to improve bivalve shellfish aquaculture. R Soc Open Sci 4:171142

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willer DF, Aldridge DC (2020) Vitamin bullets. Microencapsulated feeds to fortify shellfish and tackle human nutrient deficiencies. Front Nutr 20(7):102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willer DF, Furse S, Aldridge DC (2020) Microencapsulated algal feeds as a sustainable replacement diet for broodstock in commercial bivalve aquaculture. Sci Rep 10(1):1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xia Y, Lu M, Chen G, Cao J, Gao F, Wang M, Liu Z, Zhang D, Zhu H, Yi M (2018) Effects of dietary lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM1136 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM5805 on the growth, intestinal microbiota, morphology, immune response and disease resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 76:368–379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zolotukhin PV, Prazdnova EV, Chistyakov VA (2018) Methods to assess the antioxidative properties of probiotics. Probiot Antimicrob Prot 10(3):589–599

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zorriehzahra MJ, Delshad ST, Adel M, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Dhama K, Lazado CC (2016) Probiotics as beneficial microbes in aquaculture: an update on their multiple modes of action: a review. Vet Q 36(4):228–241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Karthika Pushparaj

  2. Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Haripriya Kuchi Bhotla, Manikantan Pappuswamy & Arun Meyyazhagan

  3. Division of Food Science and Technology Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand

    Utthapon Issara

  4. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea

    Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian

  5. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi & Mariadhas Valan Arasu

Authors
  1. Karthika Pushparaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haripriya Kuchi Bhotla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Manikantan Pappuswamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Utthapon Issara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Mariadhas Valan Arasu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Arun Meyyazhagan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian

  2. Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China

    Wen-Chao Liu

  3. Department of Zoology, St.Joseph University, Dimapur, Nagaland, India

    Govindharajan Sattanathan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pushparaj, K. et al. (2022). Perspectives and Implications of Probiotics as Beneficial Mediators in Aquaculture Industry. In: Balasubramanian, B., Liu, WC., Sattanathan, G. (eds) Aquaculture Science and Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0817-0_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation