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Urban Flood Risk Mapping: A State-of-the-Art Review on Quantification, Current Practices, and Future Challenges

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Advances in Urban Design and Engineering

Part of the book series: Design Science and Innovation ((DSI))

Abstract

Floods are one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters, causing widespread devastation, economic damage, and threat to human lives. Hydrologic impacts of climate change and intensification of urbanization are two root causes of increased flood occurrences, and recent research trends are oriented towards understanding these aspects. Due to rapid urbanization, the population of cities across the world has increased exponentially leading to improperly planned developments. On the other hand, climate change due to natural and anthropogenic activities in our environment has resulted in spatiotemporal changes in rainfall patterns. The combined effect of both aggravates the vulnerability of urban populations to floods. In this context, an efficient and effective flood risk management with its core component as flood risk mapping is essential for adaptation and mitigation of flood disasters. Urban flood risk mapping involves zoning of an urban region based on its flood risk, which depicts the spatiotemporal pattern of frequency and severity of hazards, exposure to hazards, and degree of vulnerability of the population in terms of socio-economic, environmental, and infrastructural aspects. Although vulnerability is a key component of risk, its assessment and mapping are often less advanced than hazard mapping and quantification. A synergic effort from technical experts and social scientists is vital for enhancing the effectiveness of flood risk management programmes. Despite an increasing volume of quality research conducted on urban flood risk, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach towards flood risk mapping still remains neglected, due to which many of the input parameters and definitions of flood risk concepts are imprecise. Thus, the objectives of this review are to introduce and precisely define the relevant input parameters, concepts, and terms in urban flood risk mapping, along with its methodology, current status, and future scope. The review also aims at providing thought-provoking insights to potential future researchers and flood management professionals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India

    Subhankar Karmakar & Mohit Mohanty

  2. Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India

    Subhankar Karmakar

  3. Centre for Urban Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India

    Subhankar Karmakar

  4. Department of Regional Water Studies, TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj, Delhi, 110070, India

    M. A. Sherly

  5. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON, N63K7, Canada

    Mohit Mohanty

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    Pradipta Banerji

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    Arnab Jana

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Karmakar, S., Sherly, M.A., Mohanty, M. (2022). Urban Flood Risk Mapping: A State-of-the-Art Review on Quantification, Current Practices, and Future Challenges. In: Banerji, P., Jana, A. (eds) Advances in Urban Design and Engineering. Design Science and Innovation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0412-7_5

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