Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Conference in Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems

CSPS 2021: Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems pp 1064–1071Cite as

On-Chip Generation of PAM-4 Signals Based on a 3 × 3 MMI Architecture for Optical Interconnect and Computing Systems

  • 2044 Accesses

Part of the Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering book series (LNEE,volume 878)

Abstract

We propose a new structure for multilevel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signal generation for on-chip optical interconnects and data center networks. Our proposed architecture use only one 3 × 3 multimode interference (MMI) Based ring resonator with two segmented phase shifters. Two segmented phase shifters applied the plasma dispersion effect in silicon waveguide are used in the feedback ring resonator waveguide. The structure provides a very steep slope compared with the conventional structure based on Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZM). As a result, an extreme reduction of power consumption is achieved. Based on this structure, an extreme high bandwidth and compact footprint are also achieved. The device is designed and analyzed using the Beam Propagation Method (BPM) integrated with the Finite Difference-Time Difference (FDTD) simulations.

Keywords

  • Multimode interference (MMI)
  • Microring resonator
  • Integrated optics
  • PAM-4
  • High performance computing systems
  • Data center networks
  • Optical interconnects

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Wang, K., et al.: 200-Gbit/s PAM4 generation by a dual-polarization Mach-Zehnder modulator without DAC. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 32(18), 1223–1226 (2020)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  2. Binh, L.N.: Optical Modulation: Advanced Techniques and Applications in Tran. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Shi, W., et al.: Silicon photonic mod. J. Opt. 20(8), 083002 (2018)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  4. Kim, M., et al.: A low-power 28-Gb/s PAM-4MZM driver with level pre-distortion. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 68(3), 908–912 (2021)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  5. Le, T.T.: Fano resonance based on 3x3 multimode interference structures for fast and slow light applications. Int. J. Microwave Opt. Technol. 12(5), 406–412 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Trung-Thanh, L.: Cascaded multimode interference-based microresonators for multiple Fano resonance engineering. Opt. Eng. 57(11), 1–7 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Tzintzarov, G.N., Rao, S.G., Cressler, J.D.: Integrated silicon photonics for enabling. Photonics 8(4), 131 (2021)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  8. Le, T.T., Cahill, L.W.: The modeling of MMI structures for signal processing applications. In: Greiner, C.M., Waechter, C.A. (eds.) Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XII. Proceedings of the SPIE, March 2008, vol. 6896, pp. 68961G–68961G-7 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Le, T.T.: Design and analysis of optical filters using 3x3 multimode interference couplers based microring resonators. J. Sci. Technol. Vietnam Acad. Sci. 12(13) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Le, T.T., Cahill, L.W.: Photonic signal processing using mmi coupler-based microring resonators. In: The 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS 2007). Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Samani, A., et al.: A silicon photonic PAM-4 modulator based on dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder interferometers. IEEE Photonics J. 8(1), 1–10 (2016)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Emelett, S.J., Soref, R.: Design and simulation of silicon microring optical routing switches. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 23(4), 1800–1808 (2005)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  13. Bogaerts, W., Heyn, P.D., Vaerenbergh, T.V.: Silicon microring resonators. Laser Photonics Rev. 6(1), 47–73 (2012)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 103.03-2018.354.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International School (VNU-IS), Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Duy Tien Le & Trung Thanh Le

Authors
  1. Duy Tien Le
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Trung Thanh Le
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Trung Thanh Le .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA

    Prof. Qilian Liang

  2. Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China

    Wei Wang

  3. Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China

    Dr. Xin Liu

  4. School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China

    Prof. Zhenyu Na

  5. College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China

    Baoju Zhang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Le, D.T., Le, T.T. (2022). On-Chip Generation of PAM-4 Signals Based on a 3 × 3 MMI Architecture for Optical Interconnect and Computing Systems. In: Liang, Q., Wang, W., Liu, X., Na, Z., Zhang, B. (eds) Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems. CSPS 2021. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 878. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0390-8_134

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0390-8_134

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-0389-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-0390-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

search

Navigation