Abstract
A large number of children worldwide live under institutional care due to certain compulsions. The reasons for institutional stay vary on the basis of geopolitical situations and the nature of the children. Some of the reasons include premature loss of parents, poverty, lack of social support, parents’ substance dependence, neglect, involvement of children in socially undesirable behaviour and/or violation of law, abuse, exploitation and so on. The broad objective of this chapter is to discuss the evolution of childcare measures adopted by the Government of India after independence, highlight upon the need for institutional care and examine the issues and challenges faced by the children under institutional care in India. At the end of the chapter, the way forward measures are suggested for ensuring safety of the children under institutional care, creating improved living environments for them and for creating congenial social and psychological environments through empowerment of the care providers, with knowledge and information for healthy child upbringing. Cooperation from the larger society, by involving retired persons in the institutions for education of the children is suggested, justifying the need for the same. For a holistic child growth and development, the need for extra-curricular activities, physical exercises, as well as group activities, are emphasized upon. Building resilience among these children to develop confidence and face life challenges are also discussed in the chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
10 Girls of a home suffer from food poisoning (2015, November 16).The Hindu, p. 5.
All work, no play in this children’s home. (2014, August 26). The Times of India, p. 1.
Bhuvaneshwari, K. (2017). Mental health of children under institutional care: An empirical investigation [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation], Pondicherry University.
Barooah, P. (1999). Handbook on Child, with historical background (Vol. 79). Concept Publishing Company.
Boy rescued from street says he was beaten by caretaker. (2015, February 2). The Times of India, p. 3.
Boy found murdered at rescue home, sodomy suspected. (2015, January 24). The Times of India, p. 9.
Child Labour: Global estimates. (2020). Trends and the Road Forward. Excerpts from https://www.unicef.org/india/press-releases/child-labour-rises-160-million-first-increase-two-decades
Child Trafficking Racket In Mumbai Busted, Four Arrested: Police. (September 04, 2021). All India Asian News International. Retrieved from https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/child-trafficking-racket-in-mumbai-busted-4-held-2529874
Child Welfare panels fail, abuse continues at homes. (2014, August 28). The Times of India, p. 5.
Chor, K., McClelland, G., Weiner, D., & Jordan, N. A. (2014). Out-of-home placement decision-making and outcomes in child welfare: a longitudinal study. Springer Science and Business Media.
Devanathan, V. (July 1, 2021). Tamil Nadu child trafficking: Police rescue two children. The Times of India. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tn-child-trafficking-cops-rescue-2-kids/articleshow/84000126.cms
Denied care in homes, kids go into the world scarred. (2014, August 28). The Times of India, p. 9.
Dhar, Arshia. (June 15, 2020). Four survivors of trafficking on life in lockdown, and why it has meant a resurgence of old fears, uncertainties. Firstpost. Retrieved from https://www.firstpost.com/long-reads/four-survivors-of-trafficking-on-life-in-lockdown-and-why-it-has-meant-a-resurgence-of-old-fears-uncertainties-8473711.html
Embleton, L., Ayuku, D., Kamanda, A., Atwoli, L., Ayaya, S., & Vreeman, R. (2014). Models of care for orphaned and separated children and upholding children’s rights: Cross-sectional evidence from western Kenya. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 14(9), 1–18.
Gearing, R., MacKenzie, M., Schwalbe, C., Brewer, K., & Ibrahim, R. (2013). Prevalence of mental health and behavioral problems among adolescents in institutional care in Jordan. Psychiatric Services, 64(2), 196–200.
Horror stories from a shelter for runaway kids. (2012, July 3). The Times of India, p. 3.
Indiafilings. (2021). Rashtriya Bal Kosh retrieved from https://www.indiafilings.com/learn/rashtriya-bal-kosh/
Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS). (2018). Ministry of Women & Child Development, Government of India. Retrieved from https://wcd.nic.in/integrated-child-protection-scheme-ICPS
Jain, V. (May 1, 2019). Childcare institutions: The need for a new approach. India Development Review. Retrieved from https://idronline.org/childcare-institutions-the-need-for-a-new-approach/
McCall, R. B., Groark, C. J., & Rygaard, N. P. (2014). Research, practice, and policy issues on the care of infants and young children are risk: The articles in context. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(2), 87–93.
Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India, New Delhi. (2016). UJJAWALA: a comprehensive scheme for prevention of trafficking and rescue, rehabilitation and re-integration of victims of trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. Retrieved from https://wcd.nic.in/schemes/ujjawala-comprehensive-scheme-prevention-trafficking-and-rescue-rehabilitation-and-re
Ministry of Women and Child Development , Government of India, New Delhi. (2016). Universalization of Women Helpline Scheme Implementation Guidelines for State Governments/UT Administrations. Retrieved from https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/WHL_G.pdf
Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India, New Delhi. (2017). One Stop Centre Scheme Implementation Guidelines for State Governments/UT Administrations. Retrieved from https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/OSC_G.pdf
Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India, New Delhi. (September, 2018). The Report of the Committee for Analysing Data of Mapping and Review Exercise of Child Care Institutions under the Juvenile Justice (Care and protection of Children)Act, 2015 and Other Homes, Volume-1.
Mukhopadhyay, T., & Bhalla, V. (2016). Case study on compliance of juvenile justice (care and protection of children) rules, 2007 by juvenile institutions in Kolkata. Institutionalised Children Explorations and beyond, 3(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-3011.2016.00003.7
National tracking system for missing & vulnerable children. (2017). Ministry of Women & Child Development, Government of India. Retrieved from https://trackthemissingchild.gov.in/trackchild/index.php
Nari Niketan rape case: Ex-staff held. (2015, December 14). The Times of India, p. 8.
Officials’ ignorance adds to children’s woes. (2015, November 29). The Hindu, p. 7.
Press Information Bureau, New Delhi. (November, 28, 2019). Unregistered Child Care Institutions—Ministry of Women and Child Development. Retrieved from https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1593993
Private children’s homes aided by a corrupt system. (2014, August 25). The Times of India, p. 6.
PRS Legislative Research. (25 September, 2006). The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Amendment Bill, 2006. Retrieved from https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-immoral-traffic-prevention-amendment-bill-2006
Sairam, R. (2014, June 13). Two minor girls were raped at knifepoint. The Hindu. Pollachi. Retrieved from http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tpnational/tp-tamilnadu/two-minor-girls-raped-at-knifepoint/article6109593.ece
‘Sexual abuse’: FIR against 2 child homes in Delhi. (February 5, 2021). The Indian Express—Express News Service, New Delhi, retrieved from https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/sexual-abuse-fir-against-2-child-homes-in-delhi-7175040/
State’s social defence dept headless. (2012, July 3). The Times of India, p. 5.
Stellern, S., Esposito, E., Mliner, S., Pears, K., & Gunnar, M. (2014). Increased freezing and decreased positive affect in post institutionalized children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(1), 88–95.
Teen abused, assaulted in Bangalore govt-run home. (2014, August 23). The Times of India, p. 8.
The Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA). (2021). Ministry of Women & Child Development, Government of India retrieved from http://cara.nic.in/
The Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act (1986).
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act 2000
The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR). (2013). Retrieved from https://ncpcr.gov.in/
The National Policy for Children, 2013
The Pastor at the home loved to torture them. (2014, August 28). The Times of India, p. 5.
The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (2006).
The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012
The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009.
The Street Children (Rehabilitation and Welfare) Act, 2014.
The Tribune, New Delhi. (November 16, 2018). Over 2,700 childcare homes lack measures to prevent child abuse: Govt report. Retrieved from https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/over-2-700-childcare-homes-lack-measures-to-prevent-child-abuse-govt-report-171169
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989).
Vorria, P., Papaligoura, Z., Sarafidou, J., Kopakaki, M., Dunn, J., Van Ijzendoorn, M., & Kontopoulou, A. (2006). The development of adopted children after institutional care: A follow-up study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(12), 1246–1253.
We were tutored to say that we are treated well. (2014, August 28). The Times of India, p. 5.
Welfare groups violating Juvenile Justice Act: CWC. (2016, January 18). The Times of India, p. 3.
WHO. (2005). Atlas: child and adolescent mental health resources: global concerns, implications for the future.
Witt, A., Schmid, M., Fegert, J., Plener, P., & Goldbeck, L. (2014). Temperament and character- traits as protective factors among adolescents in juvenile residential facilities. Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Kinderpsychiatrie, 63(2), 114–129.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bhuvaneswari, K., Deb, S., Paul, D., Deb, S. (2022). Safety and Welfare of Children Under Institutional Care in India: A Situation Analysis. In: Deb, S. (eds) Child Safety, Welfare and Well-being. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9820-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9820-0_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-9819-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-9820-0
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)