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Status, Issues, and Challenges of Biodiversity: Wild Animals

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Biodiversity in India: Status, Issues and Challenges

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Abstract

India is known for its rich heritage of biological diversity and is home to 102,616 animals and 49,441 plants species. The country is placed among the top ten natural resource-rich nations and with a high level of endemism. The varied edaphic, climatic, and topographic variability has resulted in a diversity of ecosystems covering forests, wetlands, deserts, coastal and marine ecosystems, and grasslands. About 703 globally threatened animal species are distributed in its various ecosystems. Of the total threatened species distributed in India, 92 species were classified as Critically Endangered, 219 as Endangered, and 389 species as Vulnerable. A large network of Protected Areas (903) has been kept aside for in situ conservation throughout the spatial extent of the country. The National Wildlife Action Plan 2017–2031 of India aims at landscape-level planning while mitigating climate change impacts on wildlife species. The major conservation and management issues for wildlife in India include human-wildlife conflict, habitat degradation, conversion of forests to other land uses, climate change, invasive species infestation, and pollution. Adaptive spatial planning of Protected Areas, habitat connectivity, new tools and techniques, and an integrated financial system for funding wildlife conservation research may significantly improve the status of wildlife in India.

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  1. Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Lalit Kumar Sharma, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Mukesh Thakur & Kailash Chandra

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  1. Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Shalinder Kaur

  2. Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    D.R. Batish

  3. Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    H.P. Singh

  4. Amity University, Mohali, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

    Ravinder Kohli

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Sharma, L.K., Joshi, B.D., Thakur, M., Chandra, K. (2022). Status, Issues, and Challenges of Biodiversity: Wild Animals. In: Kaur, S., Batish, D., Singh, H., Kohli, R. (eds) Biodiversity in India: Status, Issues and Challenges. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9777-7_8

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